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obtain one's majority

Толкование Перевод

1 majority

{mə'dʒɔriti}
1. мнозинство, болшинство
the MAJORITY of people повечето хора
to join the MAJORITY прен. умирам
2. юр. пълнолетие
to attain/obtain one's MAJORITY ставам пълнолетен
3. воен. майорски чин/ранг
4. attr мажоритарен
MAJORITY rule пол. принцип на абсолютно мнозинство (половината плюс един глас)

* * *

{mъ'jъriti} n 1. мнозинство, болшинство; the majority of people

* * *

болшинство; пълнолетие;

* * *
1. attr мажоритарен 2. majority rule пол. принцип на абсолютно мнозинство (половината плюс един глас) 3. the majority of people повечето хора 4. to attain/obtain one's majority ставам пълнолетен 5. to join the majority прен. умирам 6. воен. майорски чин/ранг 7. мнозинство, болшинство 8. юр. пълнолетие
* * *

majority[mə´dʒɔriti] n 1. мнозинство, болшинство; to be in a ( the) \majority съм в болшинство; narrow \majority мнозинство от няколко гласа; absolute \majority пълно мнозинство; a \majority of 100 мнозинство от 100 гласа; to gain ( carry) the \majority получавам мнозинство; 2. множество (хора); the \majority of the people повечето хора; to join the \majority прен. умирам; 3. юрид. пълнолетие; to attain o.'s \majority ставам пълнолетен; 4. воен. майорски чин, звание майор; to obtain o.'s \majority произведен съм в звание майор.

English-Bulgarian dictionary > majority
2 majority

noun

1) (greater number or part) Mehrheit, die

the majority of people think... — die meisten Menschen denken...

be in the majority — in der Mehr- od. Überzahl sein; überwiegen

2) (in vote) [Stimmen]mehrheit, die; Majorität, die

* * *

[mə'‹o-]

- plural majorities - noun

1) (the greater number: the majority of people.) die Mehrheit

2) (the difference between a greater and a smaller number: The Democratic Party won by/with a majority of six hundred votes.) die Mehrheit

* * *

ma·jor·ity

[məˈʤɒrəti, AM -ˈʤɔ:rət̬i]

I. n

1. + sing/pl vb (greater part) Mehrheit f

in a democracy, the \majority wins in einer Demokratie gewinnt die Mehrheit

I spent the \majority of the afternoon reading ich verbrachte die meiste Zeit des Nachmittags mit Lesen

raising kids takes up the \majority of my energy das Aufziehen meiner Kinder verbraucht meine ganze Energie

the \majority der Großteil

in the \majority of cases in der Mehrzahl der Fälle

a large \majority of people eine große Mehrheit

the \majority of the votes die Stimmenmehrheit

to be a [or in the] \majority in der Mehrheit sein

2. POL (winning margin) [Stimmen]mehrheit f

they passed the bill with a \majority of 15 sie verabschiedeten das Gesetz mit einer Mehrheit von 15 Stimmen

a narrow/large \majority eine dünne/überwältigende Mehrheit

a two-thirds \majority eine Zweidrittelmehrheit

3. no pl (full legal age) Volljährigkeit f, Mündigkeit f

what is the age of \majority in this country? wann ist man in diesem Land volljährig?

to reach one's \majority volljährig werden

II. adj attr, inv POL Mehrheits-

\majority whip Mehrheitsfraktionszwang m

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[mə'dZɒrItɪ]
n

1) Mehrheit f

the majority of cases — die Mehrheit or Mehrzahl der Fälle

to be in a or the majority — in der Mehrzahl sein

to be in a majority of 3 — eine Mehrheit von 3 Stimmen haben

to have/get a majority —

to have a majority of 10 — eine Mehrheit von 10 Stimmen haben

what was his majority? — wie groß war seine Mehrheit?

a two-thirds majority — die Zweidrittelmehrheit

by a small or narrow majority — mit knapper Mehrheit

2) (JUR) Volljährigkeit f, Mündigkeit f

to reach the age of majority — volljährig or mündig werden

* * *

majority [məˈdʒɒrətı; US auch -ˈdʒɑr-] s

1. Mehrheit f:

by a large majority mit großer Mehrheit;

majority of votes (Stimmen)Mehrheit, Majorität f;

majority decision, majority vote Mehrheitsbeschluss m, mehrheitlicher Beschluss;

majority holding WIRTSCH Aktienmehrheit;

majority leader PARL US Fraktionsführer(in) der Mehrheitspartei;

majority rule POL Mehrheitsprinzip n;

win by a majority verdict (Boxen) mit 2:1 Richterstimmen gewinnen; → academic.ru/67241/silent">silent A 1

2. größere Zahl, größerer oder größter Teil, Mehrzahl f:

be in the majority in der Mehrzahl sein;

in the majority of cases in der Mehrzahl der Fälle;

join the majority, go ( oder pass) over to the majority zu den Vätern versammelt werden (sterben)

3. auch majority party POL Mehrheitspartei f

4. JUR Volljährigkeit f, Mündigkeit f:

reach one’s majority volljährig oder mündig werden

5. MIL Majorsrang m oder -stelle f:

obtain one’s majority zum Major befördert werden

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noun

1) (greater number or part) Mehrheit, die

the majority of people think... — die meisten Menschen denken...

be in the majority — in der Mehr- od. Überzahl sein; überwiegen

2) (in vote) [Stimmen]mehrheit, die; Majorität, die

* * *

n.

Masse -n f.

Mehrheit -en f.

English-german dictionary > majority
3 majority

mə'‹o-

- plural majorities - noun

1) (the greater number: the majority of people.) flertall, de fleste

2) (the difference between a greater and a smaller number: The Democratic Party won by/with a majority of six hundred votes.) flertall

subst. \/məˈdʒɒrətɪ\/

1) majoritet, flertall

• he was elected by a large majority

han ble valgt med stort flertall

2) myndig alder, myndighetsalder

3) majorgrad, majors rang

absolute majority eller clear majority eller overall majority absolutt flertall, rent flertall

attain\/reach one's majority bli myndig

be in the majority være i majoritet

by a majority of ten (votes) med ti stemmers overvekt

gain a majority komme i majoritet, være i flertall

the great majority eller vast majority det store flertall, de aller fleste, det brede lag

join the great majority ( hverdagslig) gjenforenes med sine (for)fedre, slutte seg til sine fedre

obtain one's majority få majors rang, bli major

ordinary majority simpelt flertall

the silent majority det tause flertall

a thin majority en knapp majoritet

a working majority ( parlamentarisk) et regjeringsdyktig flertall

English-Norwegian dictionary > majority
4 obtain

отримувати; досягати; мати силу; застосовуватися; домагатися; існувати; бути визнаним

obtain a parliamentary majority — отримувати більшість у парламенті

obtain compensation from an employer — отримувати компенсацію від роботодавця

obtain confidential information — отримувати конфіденційну інформацію

obtain exemption from military service — отримувати звільнення від військової служби

obtain highly sensitive information — отримувати дуже засекречену інформацію (державної ваги)

obtain property by false pretences — обертати чуже майно у своє шляхом обману

obtain property through impersonation — заволодівати власністю через видавання себе за іншу особу

obtain satisfaction of an indebtedness of the debtor — домогтися сплати заборгованості боржником

obtain the consent of the court — отримувати згоду суду

obtain the consent of the parties — отримувати згоду сторін

obtain the necessary judicial assistance — отримувати необхідну юридичну допомогу

obtain the necessary judicial assistance of a foreign state — отримувати необхідну юридичну допомогу іноземної держави

obtain the release of fellow-terrorists — домагатися звільнення друзів-терористів

obtain the sanction of the public prosecutor — отримувати санкцію прокурора

obtain through an illegal search — отримувати шляхом незаконного обшуку

- obtain a client
- obtain a confession
- obtain a counsel
- obtain a court order
- obtain a divorce
- obtain a judgement
- obtain a judgment
- obtain a lawyer
- obtain a licence
- obtain a license
- obtain a post
- obtain a prior agreement
- obtain a prior approval
- obtain a sanction
- obtain a search warrant
- obtain a stay of execution
- obtain a subpoena for a search
- obtain a visa
- obtain a warrant of arrest
- obtain a warrant to search
- obtain access
- obtain admittance
- obtain an adjudication
- obtain an agreement
- obtain an approval
- obtain an arrest warrant
- obtain an attorney
- obtain an order
- obtain an office
- obtain authorization
- obtain bail
- obtain by blackmail
- obtain by deception
- obtain by false pretences
- obtain by illegal means
- obtain by illegal search
- obtain by legal means
- obtain citizenship
- obtain compensation
- obtain confession
- obtain conviction
- obtain counsel
- obtain damages
- obtain emergency powers
- obtain evidence
- obtain further information
- obtain information
- obtain investigation right
- obtain judicial assistance
- obtain legal aid
- obtain legal counsel
- obtain legal interests
- obtain legal training
- obtain legislative restriction
- obtain libel damages
- obtain money for buying drugs
- obtain money illegally
- obtain money legally
- obtain necessary documents
- obtain one's just deserts
- obtain operative information
- obtain patent protection
- obtain payment of damages
- obtain possession
- obtain property
- obtain public support
- obtain ransom
- obtain ransom for safe release
- obtain redress
- obtain satisfaction
- obtain self-government
- obtain a verdict
- obtain witness

English-Ukrainian law dictionary > obtain
5 vote

1.
1) голосование; баллотировка

2) голос; право голоса

3) вотум

•

to abstain in a vote — воздерживаться при голосовании

to achieve a vote of confidence from smb — добиваться вотума доверия у кого-л.

to appeal for vote — призывать избирателей отдать голос кандидату

to apply for a postal vote — подавать заявление о желании голосовать по почте

to approve smth by vote — одобрять что-л. открытым голосованием

to ask for a vote article by article — требовать голосования по статьям

to attract votes — привлекать голоса

to attract small percentage of the votes — собирать небольшой процент голосов

to be two votes short of outright victory — недобрать двух голосов до полной победы

to be within two votes of the necessary figure — недобрать двух голосов до необходимой цифры

to boost smb's votes — увеличивать число голосов за кого-л.

to call for a vote of confidence — ставить вопрос о доверии

to campaign for a "no" vote — вести кампанию за отрицательное голосование ( в ходе референдума)

to cancel a vote — отменять голосование / баллотировку

to canvass votes — собирать голоса (перед выборами)

to capture the votes — получать голоса избирателей

to carry a vote of confidence — принимать вотум доверия

to carry the great majority vote — получать относительное большинство голосов

to cast a vote — голосовать

to cast a dissenting vote — выражать несогласие

to cast one's vote for / in favor of smb — голосовать / отдавать свой голос за кого-л.

to change one's vote — изменять свое голосование

to choose smb by 30 votes to 20 — избрать кого-л. тридцатью голосами против двадцати

to come up for a vote — поступать на голосование

to confirm a vote — подтверждать результаты голосования

to corral almost all the black votes — разг. получать голоса почти всего чернокожего населения

to count the votes — подсчитывать голоса

to court smb's votes — добиваться чьих-л. голосов

to decide smth by a majority vote — решать что-л. большинством голосов

to declare a vote to be final — утверждать результаты голосования

to declare a vote unconstitutional — объявлять голосование незаконным

to declare the vote closed — объявлять о прекращении голосования

to declare the vote invalid — объявлять голосование недействительным

to defeat the opposition move by 30 votes — отвергать предложение оппозиции 30 голосами

to defer a vote — откладывать / переносить голосование

to disrupt the vote — срывать выборы

to double one's share of the votes — собирать вдвое больше голосов (чем, напр. на предыдущих выборах)

to elect smb by direct vote — избирать кого-л. прямым голосованием

to enter a name in the vote list / roll — вносить кого-л. в список избирателей

to exercise one's vote — воспользоваться своим избирательным правом

to explain one's vote — выступать по мотивам голосования

to face a vote of confidence — сталкиваться с необходимостью получить вотум доверия

to fail to win enough votes — не набирать достаточного количества голосов

to gain a vote of confidence — получать вотум доверия

to gather the votes of smb — собирать / заполучать чьи-л. голоса

to get a "yes" vote — добиваться голосования "за"

to get the vote — набирать нужное число голосов; побеждать на выборах

to get two thirds of the votes — собирать две три голосов

to give a casting vote — подавать голос, дающий перевес; подавать решающий голос

to give a resounding vote of confidence — выражать кому-л. убедительный вотум доверия

to give one's vote to smth — отдавать свой голос за что-л.

to go back upon a vote — оспаривать правомочность голосования

to go to a vote — поступать на голосование

to have a casting vote — иметь перевес в один голос

to have a simple "yes"-or-"no" vote — проводить простой референдум, варианты ответа при котором только "да" или "нет"

to have the right to vote — обладать избирательным правом; иметь право голоса

to hold a vote — проводить голосование

to increase one's share of the votes — увеличивать процент собранных голосов

to influence the outcome of the votes — влиять на исход голосования

to interrupt a vote — прерывать голосование

to line up votes — собирать голоса

to look to smb for vote — рассчитывать на чьи-л. голоса

to lose one's Assembly vote — лишать права голоса в Генеральной Ассамблее ООН

to master sufficient vote — набирать достаточное число голосов

to match the aspirations of vote — удовлетворять чаяния избирателей

to move that a separate vote be taken — требовать отдельного голосования

to nullify the result of the vote — аннулировать результаты голосования

to obtain an absolute majority of vote — получать абсолютное большинство голосов

to pass a vote by a show of hands — принимать что-л. открытым голосованием

to pass a vote of censure — выносить порицание

to pass a vote of no-confidence — выражать вотум недоверия

to peel off smb's vote — отколоть часть голосов избирателей, ранее голосовавших за кого-л.

to poll vote — набирать голоса на выборах

to poll 43 per cent of the vote — набрать 43% голосов

to postpone a vote — откладывать / переносить голосование

to proceed to the vote on smth — приступать к голосованию по какому-л. вопросу

to propose a vote of no-confidence in smb — предлагать выразить недоверие кому-л.

to push an issue to a vote — настаивать на голосовании по какому-л. вопросу

to push off / to put off a vote — откладывать голосование

to put a vote through — проводить нужную кандидатуру в результате голосования

to put smth to a vote — ставить что-л. на голосование

to put the "yes" vote well behind the "no" vote — собирать намного больше голосов "против", чем голосов "за"

to put to the vote as a whole — ставить на общее голосование

to put to the vote in parts — ставить на голосование по частям

to put to the separate vote — ставить на раздельное голосование

to record the vote — регистрировать результаты голосования

to reverse a vote — голосовать за решение, обратное принятому в результате предыдущего голосования

to rig the vote — фальсифицировать результаты выборов

to secure the vote of smb — заручаться чьими-л. голосами

to seek a vote of confidence (from) — стремиться получить вотум доверия (от)

to split (up) the vote — приводить к разделению голосов

to stand by one's vote — подтверждать результаты своего голосования

to stick to the original vote — подтверждать результаты первоначального голосования

to strengthen smb's vote — увеличивать число голосов, поданных за кого-л.

to submit oneself to a vote of confidence — ставить вопрос о вотуме доверия в отношении своей политики

to survive a vote of no-confidence — едва уцелеть при вотуме недоверия

to swing the vote — приводить к перераспределению голосов

to swivel a crucial vote of confidence in parliament — удержаться у власти при решающем вотуме доверия в парламенте

to table a vote of no-confidence — вносить вотум недоверия

to take a vote on smth — голосовать / проводить голосование по какому-л. вопросу

to take a formal vote — проводить официальное голосование

to take count of vote — производить подсчет голосов

to take decisions by majority vote — принимать решения большинством голосов

to take no part in a vote — не участвовать в голосовании

to take part in a vote — участвовать в голосовании

to tally the vote — вести подсчет голосов, подсчитывать голоса

to tip the electoral vote to smb — склонять симпатии избирателей в чью-л. пользу

to transfer smb's vote to — переносить полученные кем-л. голоса на...

to trigger a vote — служить толчком к голосованию

to undergo a vote of confidence — проходить через процедуру вотума доверия

to win vote — завоевывать голоса ( избирателей)

to win a popular vote — получать большинство голосов избирателей

to win over the Asian vote — обеспечивать себе голоса выходцев из азиатских стран

- no vote
- yes vote
- 3000 electorate are still undecided how to cast their votes
- absentee vote
- act of vote
- affirmative vote
- annual vote
- binding vote
- black votes
- bloc votes
- block vote
- bull vote
- bullet vote
- by direct vote
- calling for a postponement of the vote
- cemetery vote
- chase for vote
- clean vote
- close vote
- clothespin vote
- collapse of the vote for a party
- complimentary vote
- compromise vote
- conclusion of the vote
- concurring votes
- confidence vote
- confirmation vote
- conservative votes
- convincing vote
- counting of votes

- critical vote
- crossover vote
- crucial vote
- direct vote
- dissenting vote
- division of votes
- early vote
- electoral college vote
- electoral vote
- eligible to vote
- equality of vote
- equally divided votes
- explanation of vote after
- explanation of vote before
- fair count of votes
- final vote
- floating votes
- free vote
- heavy vote
- if the vote goes against him
- in pursuit of votes
- inconclusive vote
- ineligible to vote
- it will lose them votes
- majority vote
- massive no vote
- minority vote
- nationwide vote
- negative vote
- no-confidence vote
- non-recorded vote
- number of votes
- open vote
- opposition vote
- outcome of the vote
- overwhelming vote
- party-line vote
- payroll vote
- plural vote
- popular vote
- postal vote
- primary votes
- protest vote
- proxy vote
- recorded vote
- rejection as the result of an equal vote
- rerun of a vote
- rising vote
- roll-call vote
- secret vote
- separated vote
- silent votes
- skewed vote
- soft votes
- solid votes
- straw vote
- strong female votes
- swing votes
- the casting vote
- the die was cast for a vote of no-confidence
- the opposition vote was split
- there is equality of vote
- ticket vote
- tie vote
- token vote
- unanimous vote
- validly cast votes
- vendible votes
- voice vote
- vote and proceedings
- vote article by article
- vote at the rostrum
- vote by yes and no
- vote by a tiny margin
- vote by cards
- vote by correspondence
- vote by proxy
- vote by roll-call
- vote by secret ballot
- vote by show of hands
- vote by sitting and standing
- vote cast against smb
- vote cast for favor of smb
- vote cast in favor of smb
- vote cast
- vote ended in defeat
- vote for change
- vote for more of the same
- vote in the normal way
- vote is not binding
- vote is not conclusive
- vote is taking place in a climate of nervousness
- vote of censure
- vote of confidence in smb
- vote of no confidence in the President
- vote of thanks
- vote on defense
- vote on the floor
- vote puts the party narrowly forward of its rivals
- vote without debate
- votes are being counted
- white votes
- without a vote
- write-in vote 2. v
голосовать; баллотировать

to be deprived of the right to vote — быть лишенным избирательных прав

to be entitled to vote — обладать избирательным правом, иметь право голоса

to vote smb back in — снова избирать кого-л.

to vote a party into power — приводить партию к власти в результате выборов

to vote according to smb's conscience — голосовать так, как велит / подсказывает совесть

to vote against smb — голосовать против кого-л.

to vote article by article — голосовать отдельно по статьям, проводить постатейное голосование

to vote by "yes" and "no" — голосовать ответом "да" или "нет"

to vote by a big majority to do smth — принимать решение сделать что-л. значительным большинством голосов

to vote by ballot — баллотировать

to vote by mail — голосовать по почте

to vote by an overwhelming margin — голосовать подавляющим большинством

to vote by post — голосовать по почте

to vote by proxy — голосовать по доверенности

to vote by roll-call — голосовать поименно; проводить поименное голосование

to vote by secret ballot — решать тайным голосованием

to vote by show of hands — голосовать поднятием рук

to vote by sitting and standing — голосовать вставанием

to vote conservative — брит. голосовать за консерваторов

to vote for a new parliament — выбирать новый состав парламента

to vote for the draft resolution — голосовать за проект резолюции

to vote green — голосовать за партию "зеленых"

to vote heavily against smb — голосовать значительным большинством голосов против кого-л.

to vote in favor — голосовать за

to vote in person — голосовать лично

to vote in secret — проводить тайное голосование

to vote in the affirmative — голосовать "за"

to vote in the first round of the presidential election — голосовать в первом туре президентских выборов

to vote in the negative — голосовать против

to vote into a committee — избирать кого-л. в члены комитета

to vote labour — брит. голосовать за лейбористов

to vote left — голосовать за левых

to vote Mr. X. — голосовать за г-на Х.

to vote narrowly against smth — голосовать / принимать решение незначительным большинством голосов

to vote narrowly for / in favor of smth — голосовать за что-л. незначительным большинством

to vote on a new constitution — участвовать в голосовании по проекту новой конституции

to vote on the motion as a whole — голосовать по ходатайству в целом

to vote oneself out of existence / to vote oneself out of office — голосовать за самороспуск

to vote overwhelmingly against smth — голосовать подавляющим большинством против чего-л.

to vote smb back as mayor — снова избирать кого-л. мэром

to vote smb back into office — переизбирать кого-л. на еще один срок

to vote smb down — забаллотировать кого-л.

to vote smb in — избирать кого-л. на какой-л. пост

to vote smb into parliament — избирать кого-л. в парламент

to vote smb out — отстранять кого-л. от власти, смещать кого-л. в результате выборов

to vote smth down — отклонять / проваливать что-л. в результате голосования

to vote the straight ticket — полит. жарг. голосовать за всех кандидатов, выдвинутых партией

to vote through — проводить путем голосования

to vote unanimously — голосовать единогласно

to vote viva voce — голосовать устно

to vote without debate — голосовать без прений

- voted by acclamation
- Which way to vote?

Politics english-russian dictionary > vote
6 clear

I adj

1. ясний, чистий

2. абсолютний, довершений, повний

- clear conscience чиста совість

- clear profit чистий прибуток

- to obtain a clear majority отримати абсолютну більшість (голосів)

- to make it clear that... ясно/ чітко дати зрозуміти, що...

II v

1. пояснити, роз'яснити, проливати світло

2. надати допуск до цілком таємної роботи

3. проходити митний огляд; здійснювати митний огляд

4. усувати перешкоди, очищати

- to clear one's luggage with the customs проходити митний огляд

- to clear one's name відновити своє добре ім'я

- to clear a ship at/ with/ through the customs здійснювати митний огляд судна

- to clear the way for smth. відкрити шлях/ розчистити шлях для чогось

- to clear up

a) з'ясувати; розкрити

b) розсіяти сумніви

- to clear up a point внести ясність в якесь питання

- to clear up a situation з'ясувати ситуацію/ становище

- their fears were cleared up їхні побоювання розсіялись

English-Ukrainian diplomatic dictionary > clear
7 get

ɡet
past tense - got; verb

1) (to receive or obtain: I got a letter this morning.) recibir

2) (to bring or buy: Please get me some food.) traer, ir a buscar, procurar; comprar

3) (to (manage to) move, go, take, put etc: He couldn't get across the river; I got the book down from the shelf.) ir, cruzar, atravesar; tomar

4) (to cause to be in a certain condition etc: You'll get me into trouble.) meter, arrastrar, poner

5) (to become: You're getting old.) hacerse (por ej. mayor), volverse, convertirse

6) (to persuade: I'll try to get him to go.) convencer, persuadir

7) (to arrive: When did they get home?) llegar

8) (to succeed (in doing) or to happen (to do) something: I'll soon get to know the neighbours; I got the book read last night.) conseguir, llegar a, lograr

9) (to catch (a disease etc): She got measles last week.) coger, pillar, cazar, agarrar, contraer

10) (to catch (someone): The police will soon get the thief.) atrapar, coger

11) (to understand: I didn't get the point of his story.) coger, pillar, comprender, entender

•

- getaway
- get-together
- get-up
- be getting on for
- get about
- get across
- get after
- get ahead
- get along
- get around
- get around to
- get at
- get away
- get away with
- get back
- get by
- get down
- get down to
- get in
- get into
- get nowhere
- get off
- get on
- get on at
- get out
- get out of
- get over
- get round
- get around to
- get round to
- get there
- get through
- get together
- get up
- get up to

get vb

1. comprar

I'll get some cheese from the supermarket compraré queso en el supermercado

2. coger / tomar

he gets the five o'clock train coge el tren de las cinco

3. recibir / conseguir

we got a postcard from Helen recibimos una postal de Helen

he got a violin for Christmas le regalaron un violín para Navidad

4. llevarse

I got a surprise when I opened the door me llevé una sorpresa cuando abrí la puerta

5. hacer / ponerse

it's getting late se está haciendo tarde

he got angry se puso furioso

she soon got better enseguida se puso mejor

we're all getting older todos nos estamos haciendo más viejos

6. traer

could you get me a coffee, please? ¿me puedes traer un café, por favor?

7. buscar / recoger

I'm going to get the car from the garage voy a buscar el coche al taller

8. llegar

what time did you get home? ¿a qué hora llegaste a casa?

how do you get to the restaurant? ¿cómo se va al restaurante?

to get dressed vestirse

to get lost perderse

to get married casarse

to get old envejecer

to get ready prepararse

to get somebody to do something conseguir que alguien haga algo

she got him to help her when she moved flat consiguió que la ayudara cuando se mudó de piso

to get to know someone llegar a conocer a alguien

to get used to something acostumbrarse a algo

to get wet mojarse

El pasado y participio pasado de get es got; el gerundio se escribe getting

get

tr[get]

transitive verb (pt got tr[gɒt], pp got tr[gɒt] (|us| gotten tr['gɒtən]), ger getting)

1 obtener, conseguir

■ I want to get a job quiero conseguir un trabajo

■ she got £1,000 for her car le dieron mil libras por su coche

■ he got a bank loan le concedieron un crédito bancario

■ what did you get in maths? ¿qué sacaste en mates?

2 recibir

■ I got your letter yesterday recibí tu carta ayer

■ I got a bike for my birthday me regalaron una bici para mi cumpleaños

■ I got the sack me despidieron

■ he got a life sentence for murder le echaron cadena perpetua por asesinato

■ how did you get that cut? ¿cómo te hiciste ese corte?

3 comprar

■ where did you get your jeans? ¿dónde compraste tus vaqueros?

■ I've got him a CD le he comprado un compact

■ she got herself a new dress se compró un vestido nuevo

4 traer

■ get the car traiga el coche

■ get the fire brigade llama a los bomberos

■ I've got to go and get Liam tengo que ir a buscar a Liam

5 coger

■ she got the flu cogió la gripe

■ he always gets a taxi when it rains siempre coge un taxi cuando llueve

6 captar, recibir, coger

7 pedir, decir; persuadir, convencer

■ get your brother to help you pídele a tu hermano que te ayude

■ get him to phone me dile que me llame

■ can you get her to lend us the money? ¿puedes convencerla para que nos deje el dinero?

8 preparar

■ can I get you something to eat? ¿te preparo algo para comer?

9 familiar entender, captar, coger

■ I don't get it no lo entiendo

10 familiar poner nervioso,-a, fastidiar

■ what really gets me is his laziness lo que me fastidia es su pereza

■ this bad weather gets on my nerves este mal tiempo me pone de mal humor

11 ganar, cobrar

■ he gets a good salary gana un buen sueldo

12 poner con; contestar, atender, coger; abrir

■ can you get me the Embassy Hotel? ¿me puede poner con el Hotel Embassy?

13 conseguir, lograr

■ I can't get the car to start no consigo arrancar el coche

14 hacer algo a uno

■ she loves getting her hair done le encanta que le arreglen el pelo

■ he got his car repaired in no time le repararon el coche en un santiamén

15 dar, alcanzar

■ she got hit by a stray bullet le alcanzó una bala perdida

intransitive verb

1 ponerse, volverse

■ she gets very angry if we're late se pone furiosa si llegamos tarde

2 ir

■ how do you get there? ¿cómo se va hasta allí?

■ can you get there by bus? ¿se puede ir en autobús?

transitive verb

1 figurative use ir, llevar

■ this isn't getting us anywhere esto no nos lleva a ninguna parte

■ where do you think she's got to? ¿dónde crees que se ha metido?

intransitive verb

1 llegar

■ we'll get there soon pronto llegaremos

■ how did you get home? ¿cómo llegaste a casa?

2 llegar a

■ you'll get to like it in the end acabará gustándote

■ I got to know him very well llegué a conocerlo muy bien

3 llegar a

■ we never got to visiting the museum no llegamos a visitar el museo

■ I get to travel quite a bit in my job tengo la oportunidad de viajar bastante en mi trabajo

4 empezar a

■ we got talking empezamos a hablar, nos pusimos a hablar

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

get along with you! ¡déjate de bobadas!, ¡no seas bobo,-a!

to get along without something pasar sin algo

■ we can get along without a dishwasher nos podemos pasar sin un lavaplatos

to get better mejorar

to get dark oscurecer

to get dirty ensuciarse

to get divorced divorciarse

to get down on one's knees arrodillarse

to get dressed vestirse

to get drunk emborracharse

to get into trouble meterse en un lío

to get late hacerse tarde

to get lost perderse

to get married casarse

to get old hacerse mayor, envejecer

to get on somebody's nerves irritar a alguien, poner nervioso,-a a alguien

to get one's own way salirse con la suya

to get paid cobrar

to get ready preparar, prepararse

to get rid of deshacerse de

to get tired cansarse

to get wet mojarse

to get worse empeorar

get ['gɛt] v, got ['gɑt] ; got or gotten ['gɑtə n] ; getting vt

1) obtain: conseguir, obtener, adquirir

2) receive: recibir

to get a letter: recibir una carta

3) earn: ganar

he gets $10 an hour: gana $10 por hora

4) fetch: traer

get me my book: tráigame el libro

5) catch: tomar (un tren, etc.), agarrar (una pelota, una persona, etc.)

6) contract: contagiarse de, contraer

she got the measles: le dio el sarampión

7) prepare: preparar (una comida)

8) persuade: persuadir, mandar a hacer

I got him to agree: logré convencerlo

9) (to cause to be)

to get one's hair cut: cortarse el pelo

10) understand: entender

now I get it!: ¡ya entiendo!

11)

to have got : tener

I've got a headache: tengo un dolor de cabeza

12)

to have got to : tener que

you've got to come: tienes que venir

get vi

1) become: ponerse, volverse, hacerse

to get angry: ponerse furioso, enojarse

2) go, move: ir, avanzar

he didn't get far: no avanzó mucho

3) arrive: llegar

to get home: llegar a casa

4)

to get to be : llegar a ser

she got to be the director: llegó a ser directora

5)

to get ahead : adelantarse, progresar

6)

to get along : llevarse bien (con alguien), congeniar

7)

to get by manage: arreglárselas

8)

to get over overcome: superar, consolarse de

9)

to get together meet: reunirse

10)

to get up : levantarse

get (s.o.) down

expr.

• desmoralizar v. (Profits, etc.)

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: got) or p.p.: gotten•) = lucrarse v. (Understand)

v.

• comprender v.

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: got) or p.p.: gotten•) = adquirir v.

• alcanzar v.

• buscar v.

• coger v.

• ganar v.

• lograr v.

• obtener v.

(§pres: -tengo, -tienes...-tenemos) pret: -tuv-

fut/c: -tendr-•)

• procurar v.

• recibir v.

• sacar v.

• tomar v.

get
1.

1) (pres p getting; past got; past p got or AmE also gotten) transitive verb

Sense I

2)

a) ( obtain) \<\<money/information\>\> conseguir*, obtener*; \<\<job/staff\>\> conseguir*; \<\<authorization/loan\>\> conseguir*, obtener*; \<\<idea\>\> sacar*

where did you get that beautiful rug? — ¿dónde conseguiste or encontraste esa alfombra tan preciosa?

these pears are as good as you'll get, I'm afraid — estas peras son de lo mejorcito que hay (fam)

the public can't get enough of her — el público no se cansa de ella

to get something from somebody/something: we get our information from official sources sacamos la información de fuentes oficiales; you can get any information from my secretary — mi secretaria le podrá dar toda la información que necesite

b) ( buy) comprar

to get something from somebody/something: I get my bread from the local baker le compro el pan al panadero del barrio; I got it from Harrods lo compré en Harrods; we get them from Italy — ( they supply our business) los traen de Italia

c) (achieve, win) \<\<prize/grade\>\> sacar*, obtener* (frml); \<\<majority\>\> obtener* (frml), conseguir*

he gets results — consigue or logra lo que se propone

d) ( by calculation)

divide 27 by 3 and you get 9 — si divides 27 por 3 te dará 9

got it! — ya sé!

e) ( on the telephone) \<\<person\>\> lograr comunicarse con

I got the wrong number — me equivoqué de número; ( having dialled correctly) me salió un número equivocado

3)

a) ( receive) \<\<letter/reward/reprimand\>\> recibir

I got a stereo for my birthday — me regalaron un estéreo para mi cumpleaños

do I get a kiss, then? — ¿entonces me das un beso?

he got 12 years for armed robbery — lo condenaron a or (fam) le cayeron 12 años por robo a mano armada

to get something from somebody: all I ever get from you is criticism lo único que haces es criticarme; she got a warm reception from the audience el público le dio una cálida bienvenida; I do all the work and she gets all the credit yo hago todo el trabajo y ella se lleva la fama; I seldom get the chance rara vez se me presenta la oportunidad; the kitchen doesn't get much sun — en la cocina no da mucho el sol

b) (Rad, TV) \<\<station\>\> captar, recibir, coger* (esp Esp fam), agarrar (CS fam)

c) ( be paid) \<\<salary/pay\>\> ganar

I got £200 for the piano — me dieron 200 libras por el piano

d) ( experience) \<\<shock/surprise\>\> llevarse

I get the feeling that... — tengo or me da la sensación de que...

e) ( suffer)

how did you get that bump on your head? — ¿cómo te hiciste ese chichón en la cabeza?

she got a splinter in her finger — se clavó una astilla en el dedo

he got the full force of the blast — recibió todo el impacto de la explosión

4) (find, have) (colloq)

you don't get elephants in America — en América no hay elefantes

we get mainly students in here — nuestros clientes (or visitantes etc) son mayormente estudiantes

5) ( fetch) \<\<hammer/scissors\>\> traer*, ir* a buscar; \<\<doctor/plumber\>\> llamar

get your coat — anda or vete a buscar tu abrigo

she got herself a cup of coffee — se sirvió (or se hizo etc) una taza de café

6)

a) ( reach) alcanzar*

b) ( take hold of) agarrar, coger* (esp Esp)

c) (catch, trap) pillar (fam), agarrar (AmL), coger* (esp Esp)

d) (assault, kill) (colloq)

I'll get you yet! — ya me las vas a pagar! (fam)

the sharks must have got him — se lo deben de haber comido los tiburones (fam)

7) ( contract) \<\<cold/flu\>\> agarrar, pescar* (fam), pillar (fam), coger* (esp Esp)

she got chickenpox from her sister — la hermana le contagió or (fam) le pegó la varicela

8) ( catch) \<\<busain\>\> tomar, coger* (Esp)

9) (colloq)

a) ( irritate) fastidiar

b) ( arouse pity)

it gets you right there — (set phrase) te conmueve, te da mucha lástima

c) ( puzzle)

what gets me is how... — lo que no entiendo es cómo...

10)

a) ( understand) (colloq) entender*

don't get me wrong — no me malentiendas or malinterpretes

get it? — ¿entiendes?, ¿agarras or (Esp) coges la onda? (fam)

b) (hear, take note of) oír*

I didn't get your name — no entendí tu nombre

did you get the number? — ¿tomaste nota del número?

11) ( answer) (colloq) \<\<phone\>\> contestar, atender*, coger* (Esp); \<\<door\>\> abrir*

12) ( possess)

to have got — see have

Sense II

13) (bring, move, put) (+ adv compl)

we'll get it there by two o'clock — lo tendremos allí antes de las dos

just wait till I get you home! — ya vas a ver cuando lleguemos a casa!

they couldn't get it up the stairs — no lo pudieron subir por las escaleras; see also get across, get in

14) ( cause to be) (+ adj compl)

he got the children ready — preparó a los niños

I can't get the window open/shut — no puedo abrir/cerrar la ventana

they got their feet wet/dirty — se mojaron/se ensuciaron los pies

15) to get somebody/something + pp

a) ( with action carried out by subject)

we must get some work done — tenemos que trabajar un poco

it's about time they got themselves organized — ya va siendo hora de que se organicen

b) ( with action carried out by somebody else)

he got the house painted — hizo pintar la casa

I must get this watch fixed — tengo que llevar a or (AmL tb) mandar (a) arreglar este reloj

16) (arrange, persuade, force)

to get somebody/something to + inf: I'll get him to help you ( order) le diré que te ayude; ( ask) le pediré que te ayude; ( persuade) lo convenceré de que te ayude; she could never get him to understand no podría hacérselo entender; you'll never get them to agree to that no vas a lograr que acepten eso; I can't get it to work — no puedo hacerlo funcionar

17) ( cause to start)

to get somebody/something -ing: it's the sort of record that gets everybody dancing es el tipo de disco que hace bailar a todo el mundo or que hace que todo el mundo baile; can you get the pump working? — ¿puedes hacer funcionar la bomba?

2.

get vi

1) ( reach) (+ adv compl) llegar*

I got here yesterday — llegué ayer

can you get there by train? — ¿se puede ir en tren?

how do you get to work? — ¿cómo vas al trabajo?

can anyone remember where we'd got to? — ¿alguien se acuerda de dónde habíamos quedado?

to get nowhere, not to get anywhere — see nowhere I 1), anywhere I 1) b)

to get somewhere — avanzar*, adelantar

we're finally getting somewhere! — por fin estamos sacando algo en limpio!

to get there: it's not perfect, but we're getting there — perfecto no es, pero poco a poco...

2)

a) ( become)

to get married — casarse

to get dressed — vestirse*

your dinner's getting cold — se te está enfriando la cena

he got very angry — se puso furioso

they get tired easily — se cansan con facilidad

b) (be) (colloq)

she gets invited to lots of parties — la invitan a muchas fiestas

her bike got stolen — le robaron la bicicleta

3) to get to + inf

a) ( come to) llegar* a + inf

I never really got to know him — nunca llegué a conocerlo de verdad

you'll get to like it eventually — vas a ver como termina por gustarte

b) ( have opportunity to)

in this job you get to meet many interesting people — en este trabajo uno tiene la oportunidad de conocer a mucha gente interesante

when do we get to open the presents? — ¿cuándo podemos abrir los regalos?

4) ( start)

to get -ing — empezar* a + inf, ponerse* a + inf

right, let's get moving! — bueno, pongámonos en acción (or en marcha etc)!

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- get about

- get above

- get across

- get ahead

- get along

- get around

- get around to

- get at

- get away

- get away with

- get back

- get back at

- get back to

- get behind

- get by

- get down

- get down to

- get in

- get in on

- get into

- get in with

- get off

- get off on

- get off with

- get on

- get on for

- get onto

- get out

- get out of

- get over

- get past

- get round

- get through

- get to

- get together

- get up

- get up to

[ɡet] (pt, pp got) (US) (pp gotten) When get is part of a set combination, eg get the sack, get hold of, get sth right, look up the other word.
1. TRANSITIVE VERB

1) (=obtain) [+ information, money, visa, divorce] conseguir; [+ benefit] sacar, obtener

I'll get the money somehow — conseguiré el dinero de alguna forma

he had trouble getting a hotel room — tuvo dificultades para conseguir una habitación de hotel

that's what got him the rise — eso fue lo que le consiguió el aumento

• he got it for me — él me lo consiguió

• you need to get permission off or from the owner — tienes que conseguir el permiso del dueño

I got the idea off ** or from a TV programme — saqué la idea de un programa de televisión

he gets all his clothes off ** or from his elder brother — hereda toda la ropa de su hermano mayor

where did you get that idea from? — ¿de dónde sacaste esa idea?

• we shan't get anything out of him — no lograremos sacarle nada

you won't get any money out of me — no vas a sacarme dinero

what are you going to get out of it? — ¿qué vas a sacar de or ganar con ello?

a good coach knows how to get the best out of his players — un buen entrenador sabe cómo sacar lo mejor de sus jugadores

she gets a lot of pleasure out of gardening — disfruta mucho con la jardinería

you may get some fun out of it — puede que te resulte divertido

2) (=have) tener

I go whenever I get the chance — voy siempre que tengo ocasión

to get something to eat — comer algo

3) (=receive)

a) [+ letter, phone call] recibir; [+ wage] ganar, cobrar; [+ TV station, radio station] coger, captar

she gets a good salary — gana or cobra un buen sueldo

not everyone gets a pension — no todo el mundo cobra una pensión

I got lots of presents — me hicieron muchos regalos

I think he got the wrong impression — creo que se ha llevado una impresión equivocada

• how much did you get for it? — ¿cuánto te dieron por él?

he got 15 years for murder — le condenaron a 15 años por asesinato

• he gets his red hair from his mother — el pelo rojizo lo ha heredado de su madre

I didn't get much from the film — la película no me dijo gran cosa

I don't get much from his lectures — saco poco provecho de sus clases
neck 1., 1)
b)
Some get + noun combinations are translated using a more specific Spanish verb. If in doubt, look up the noun.
• I never got an answer — no me contestaron, no recibí nunca una respuesta

• they get lunch at school — les dan de comer en el colegio

• this area doesn't get much rain — en esta área no llueve mucho

• I got a shock/ surprise — me llevé un susto/una sorpresa

• this room gets a lot of sun — a esta habitación le da mucho el sol
fine II, 1., sentence 1., 2)
4) (=buy) comprar

I went out to get some milk — salí a comprar leche

where did you get those shoes? — ¿dónde te has comprado esos zapatos?

• I got it cheap in a sale — lo conseguí barato en unas rebajas

5) (=fetch) [+ glasses, book] ir a buscar, traer; [+ person] ir a buscar, ir a por; (=pick up) [+ goods, person] recoger

would you mind getting my glasses? — ¿te importaría ir a buscarme or traerme las gafas?

can you get my coat from the cleaner's? — ¿puedes recogerme el abrigo de la tintorería?

I'll get some lettuce from the garden — voy a coger un poco de lechuga del jardín

quick, get help! — ¡rápido, ve a buscar ayuda!

to get sth for sb, to get sb sth — ir a buscar algo a algn, traer algo a algn

could you get me the scissors please? — ¿puedes ir a buscarme or me puedes traer las tijeras, por favor?

can I get you a drink? — ¿te apetece beber or tomar algo?, ¿quieres beber or tomar algo?

• to go/ come and get sth/sb, I'll go and get it for you — voy a buscártelo, voy a traértelo

go and get Jane will you? — vete a buscar a Jane, ve a por Jane

phone me when you arrive and I'll come and get you — cuando llegues llama por teléfono y te iré a buscar or recoger

6) (=call) [+ doctor, plumber] llamar

please get the doctor — por favor llame al médico

7) (=answer) [+ phone] contestar

can you get the phone? — ¿puedes contestar el teléfono?

I'll get it! — (telephone) ¡yo contesto!; (door) ¡ya voy yo!

8) (=gain, win) [+ prize] ganar, llevarse, conseguir; [+ goal] marcar; [+ reputation] ganarse

she got first prize — ganó or se llevó or consiguió el primer premio

correct, you get 5 points — correcto, gana or consigue 5 puntos

he's in it for what he can get — lo único que quiere es sacarle provecho

Jackie got good exam results — Jackie sacó buenas notas en los exámenes

he got a pass/an A in French — sacó un aprobado/un sobresaliente en francés

I have to get my degree first — antes tengo que acabar la carrera or conseguir mi diplomatura

9) (=find) [+ job, flat] encontrar, conseguir

he got me a job — me encontró or consiguió un trabajo

you get all sorts in this job — te encuentras con todo tipo de gente en este trabajo

you don't get bears in this country — en este país no hay osos

10) (=catch) [+ ball, disease, person] coger, agarrar (LAm); [+ thief] coger, atrapar (LAm); [+ bus] coger, tomar (LAm); [+ fish] pescar

I'm getting the bus into town — voy a coger el autobús al centro

got you! * — ¡te pillé! *, ¡te cacé! *, ¡te agarré! (LAm)

got you at last! — ¡por fin te he pillado or cazado! *

• I've been trying to get him alone — he estado intentando verle a solas

• to get sb by the throat/arm — agarrar or coger a algn de la garganta/del brazo

• I didn't get the details — no oí los detalles

• sorry, I didn't get your name — perdone, ¿cómo dice que se llama?, perdone, no me he enterado de su nombre

• did you get his (registration) number? — ¿viste el número de matrícula?

• you've got me there! * — ahí sí que me has pillado *

to get it from sb —

he really got it from the teacher * — el profesor le echó un rapapolvo *
bad 3., religion
11) (=reach, put through to)

get me Mr Jones, please — (Telec) póngame or (esp LAm) comuníqueme con el Sr. Jones, por favor

• you'll get him at home if you phone this evening — si le llamas esta tarde lo pillarás * or encontrarás en casa

• you can get me on this number — puedes contactar conmigo en este número

• I've been trying to get you all week — he estado intentando hablar contigo toda la semana

12) * (=attack, take revenge on)

I feel like everyone is out to get me — siento que todo el mundo va contra mí

I'll get you for that! — ¡esto me lo vas a pagar!

they're out to get him — van a cargárselo *

13) (=hit) [+ target] dar en

the bullet got him in the leg — la bala le dio en la pierna

it got him on the head — le dio en la cabeza

14) (=finish)

the drink will get him in the end — la bebida acabará con él al final

15) (=take, bring)

• how can we get it home? — (speaker not at home) ¿cómo podemos llevarlo a casa?; (speaker at home) ¿cómo podemos traerlo a casa?

• I tried to get the blood off my shirt — intenté quitar la sangre de mi camisa

get the knife off him! — ¡quítale ese cuchillo!

• I couldn't get the stain out of the tablecloth — no podía limpiar la mancha del mantel

• to get sth past customs — conseguir pasar algo por la aduana

• we'll get you there somehow — le llevaremos de una u otra manera

• we can't get it through the door — no lo podemos pasar por la puerta

• to get sth to sb — hacer llegar algo a algn

to get the children to bed — meter a los niños en la cama

• where will that get us? — ¿de qué nos sirve eso?

- that will get you/him nowhere

16) (=prepare) [+ meal] preparar, hacer

to get breakfast — preparar or hacer el desayuno

17) with adjective
This construction is often translated using a specific Spanish verb. Look up the relevant adjective.
• he got his leg broken — se rompió la pierna

• to get one's hands dirty — ensuciarse las manos

• to get sb drunk — emborrachar a algn

• to get one's feet wet — mojarse los pies

• you're getting me worried — estás haciendo que me preocupe

18) with infinitive/present participle

to get sb to do sth — (=persuade) conseguir que algn haga algo, persuadir a algn a hacer algo; (=tell) decir a algn que haga algo

we eventually got her to change her mind — por fin conseguimos que cambiase de idea, por fin le persuadimos a cambiar de idea

I'll get him to ring you — le diré que te llame

can you get someone to photocopy these — puedes decirle or mandarle a alguien que me haga una fotocopia de estos

I can't get the door to open — no puedo abrir la puerta, no logro que se abra la puerta

I couldn't get the washing machine to work — no pude or no logré poner la lavadora en marcha

I couldn't get the car going or to go — no pude poner el coche en marcha, no pude arrancar el coche

to get a fire going — conseguir encender un fuego

to get a conversation going — conseguir iniciar una conversación

19) ("get sth done" construction)

a) (=do oneself)

• you'll get yourself arrested looking like that — vas a acabar en la cárcel con esas pintas

• to get the washing/dishes done — lavar la ropa/fregar los platos

we got no work done that day — no hicimos nada de trabajo ese día

• when do you think you'll get it finished? — ¿cuándo crees que lo vas a acabar?

• you'll get yourself killed driving like that — te vas a matar si conduces de esa forma

b) (=get someone to do)

• to get one's hair cut — cortarse el pelo, hacerse cortar el pelo

• he knows how to get things done — sabe organizar muy bien a la gente

• to get sth fixed — arreglar or reparar algo

I've got to get my car fixed this week — tengo que arreglar or reparar el coche esta semana, tengo que llevar el coche a arreglar or reparar esta semana

I should get my teeth fixed — tendría que arreglarme los dientes

• we're going to get central heating put in — vamos a poner or instalar calefacción central

• I must get my car serviced — tengo que llevar el coche a una revisión

20) * (=understand) entender

I don't get you — no te entiendo

(do you) get it? — ¿entiendes?; [+ joke] ¿lo coges?, ¿ya caes? *

I've got it! — [+ joke] ¡ya caigo!, ¡ya lo entiendo!; [+ solution] ¡ya tengo la solución!, ¡ya he dado con la solución!, ¡ya lo tengo!
point 1., 7), wrong
21) * (=annoy) molestar, fastidiar

what gets me is the way he always assumes he's right — lo que me molesta or fastidia es que siempre da por hecho que tiene razón

what really gets me is his total indifference — lo que me molesta or fastidia es su total indiferencia

22) * (=thrill) chiflar *

this tune really gets me — esta melodía me chifla *, esta melodía me apasiona

23)

• to have got sth — (Brit) (=have) tener algo

what have you got there? — ¿qué tienes ahí?

I've got toothache — tengo dolor de muelas

2. INTRANSITIVE VERB

1) (=reach, go) llegar

how do you get there? — ¿como se llega?

he got there late — llegó tarde

how did you get here? — ¿cómo viniste or llegaste?

how did that box get here? — ¿cómo ha venido a parar esta caja aquí?

• I've got as far as page 10 — he llegado hasta la página 10

• he won't get far — no llegará lejos

• to get from A to B — ir de A a B, trasladarse de A a B

• to get home — llegar a casa

• to get to — llegar a

how do you get to the cinema? — ¿cómo se llega al cine?

I'll make sure it gets to you by tomorrow — me aseguraré de que te llegue mañana

where did you get to? — (=where were you?) ¿dónde estabas?, ¿dónde te habías metido?

where can he have got to? — ¿dónde se puede haber metido?

it's a place that's difficult to get to — es un lugar de difícil acceso

not to get anywhere —

you won't get anywhere with him — no conseguirás nada con él

you won't get anywhere if you behave like that — no vas a conseguir nada comportándote así

to get nowhere —

we're getting absolutely nowhere, we're getting nowhere fast — no estamos llegando a ningún sitio

to get somewhere —

now we're getting somewhere — ahora empezamos a hacer progresos

to get there —

"how's your thesis going?" - "I'm getting there" — -¿qué tal va tu tesis? -va avanzando

- get to sb

don't let it get to you * — (=affect) no dejes que te afecte; (=annoy) no te molestes por eso

the whisky has got to him * — el whisky le ha afectado
lane 1., 3)
2) (=become, be) ponerse, volverse, hacerse
As expressions with get + adjective, such as get old, get drunk etc, are often translated by a specific verb, look up the adjective.
• it's getting late — se está haciendo tarde

• how did it get like that? — ¿cómo se ha puesto así?

how do people get like that? — ¿cómo puede la gente volverse así?

• this is getting ridiculous — esto roza los límites de lo ridículo

• how stupid can you get? — ¿hasta qué punto llega tu estupidez?, ¿cómo puedes ser tan estúpido?

• to get used to sth — acostumbrarse a algo

- get with it

you'd better get with it or we'll lose this contract * — espabílate o perderemos este contrato

See:

BECOME, GO, GET in become

3) with past participle

a) (=be)

• he often gets asked for his autograph — a menudo le piden autógrafos

• we got beaten 3-2 — perdimos 3 a 2

• several windows got broken — se rompieron varias ventanas

• to get killed — morir, matarse

I saw her the night she got killed — (accidentally) la vi la noche que murió or se mató; (=murdered) la vi la noche que la asesinaron

do you want to get killed! — ¡¿es que quieres matarte?!

• to get paid — cobrar

• he got run over as he was coming out of his house — lo atropellaron al salir de casa

b) (reflexive action)

• to get shaved — afeitarse

• to get washed — lavarse

4) (=begin) with gerund empezar a + infin, ponerse a + infin

• let's get going — vamos a ponernos en marcha

get going! — ¡muévete!, ¡a menearse!

once she gets going on that subject she never stops — una vez que empieza con ese tema no para

after midnight the party really got going — después de medianoche la fiesta empezó a animarse

• let's get moving — vamos a ponernos en marcha

• we got talking — empezamos a hablar or charlar

• I got to thinking that... * — me di cuenta de que..., empecé a pensar que...

5) (=come)
with infinitive
to get to do sth — llegar a hacer algo

• he eventually got to be prime minister — al final llegó a ser primer ministro

I got to be quite good at it — llegué a hacerlo bastante bien

• when do we get to eat? — ¿cuándo comemos?

• to get to know sb — llegar a conocer a algn

• he got to like her despite her faults — le llegó a gustar a pesar de sus defectos

• so when do I get to meet this friend of yours? — ¿cuándo me vas a presentar a este amigo tuyo?

• I never get to drive the car — nunca tengo oportunidad de conducir el coche

• to get to see sth/sb — lograr ver algo/a algn

6) * (=go)

get! — ¡lárgate! *

7)

to have got to do sth — (expressing obligation) tener que hacer algo

you've got to tell the police — tienes que denunciarlo a la policía

why have I got to? — ¿por qué tengo que hacerlo?

- get about

- get above

- get across

- get after

- get ahead

- get along

- get around

- get at

- get away

- get away with

- get back

- get back at

- get behind

- get by

- get down

- get down to

- get in

- get in on

- get into

- get in with

- get off

- get off on

- get off with

- get on

- get on at

- get on to

- get out

- get out of

- get over

- get round

- get through

- get together

- get under

- get up

- get up to

* * *
[get]
1.

1) (pres p getting; past got; past p got or AmE also gotten) transitive verb

Sense I

2)

a) ( obtain) \<\<money/information\>\> conseguir*, obtener*; \<\<job/staff\>\> conseguir*; \<\<authorization/loan\>\> conseguir*, obtener*; \<\<idea\>\> sacar*

where did you get that beautiful rug? — ¿dónde conseguiste or encontraste esa alfombra tan preciosa?

these pears are as good as you'll get, I'm afraid — estas peras son de lo mejorcito que hay (fam)

the public can't get enough of her — el público no se cansa de ella

to get something from somebody/something: we get our information from official sources sacamos la información de fuentes oficiales; you can get any information from my secretary — mi secretaria le podrá dar toda la información que necesite

b) ( buy) comprar

to get something from somebody/something: I get my bread from the local baker le compro el pan al panadero del barrio; I got it from Harrods lo compré en Harrods; we get them from Italy — ( they supply our business) los traen de Italia

c) (achieve, win) \<\<prize/grade\>\> sacar*, obtener* (frml); \<\<majority\>\> obtener* (frml), conseguir*

he gets results — consigue or logra lo que se propone

d) ( by calculation)

divide 27 by 3 and you get 9 — si divides 27 por 3 te dará 9

got it! — ya sé!

e) ( on the telephone) \<\<person\>\> lograr comunicarse con

I got the wrong number — me equivoqué de número; ( having dialled correctly) me salió un número equivocado

3)

a) ( receive) \<\<letter/reward/reprimand\>\> recibir

I got a stereo for my birthday — me regalaron un estéreo para mi cumpleaños

do I get a kiss, then? — ¿entonces me das un beso?

he got 12 years for armed robbery — lo condenaron a or (fam) le cayeron 12 años por robo a mano armada

to get something from somebody: all I ever get from you is criticism lo único que haces es criticarme; she got a warm reception from the audience el público le dio una cálida bienvenida; I do all the work and she gets all the credit yo hago todo el trabajo y ella se lleva la fama; I seldom get the chance rara vez se me presenta la oportunidad; the kitchen doesn't get much sun — en la cocina no da mucho el sol

b) (Rad, TV) \<\<station\>\> captar, recibir, coger* (esp Esp fam), agarrar (CS fam)

c) ( be paid) \<\<salary/pay\>\> ganar

I got £200 for the piano — me dieron 200 libras por el piano

d) ( experience) \<\<shock/surprise\>\> llevarse

I get the feeling that... — tengo or me da la sensación de que...

e) ( suffer)

how did you get that bump on your head? — ¿cómo te hiciste ese chichón en la cabeza?

she got a splinter in her finger — se clavó una astilla en el dedo

he got the full force of the blast — recibió todo el impacto de la explosión

4) (find, have) (colloq)

you don't get elephants in America — en América no hay elefantes

we get mainly students in here — nuestros clientes (or visitantes etc) son mayormente estudiantes

5) ( fetch) \<\<hammer/scissors\>\> traer*, ir* a buscar; \<\<doctor/plumber\>\> llamar

get your coat — anda or vete a buscar tu abrigo

she got herself a cup of coffee — se sirvió (or se hizo etc) una taza de café

6)

a) ( reach) alcanzar*

b) ( take hold of) agarrar, coger* (esp Esp)

c) (catch, trap) pillar (fam), agarrar (AmL), coger* (esp Esp)

d) (assault, kill) (colloq)

I'll get you yet! — ya me las vas a pagar! (fam)

the sharks must have got him — se lo deben de haber comido los tiburones (fam)

7) ( contract) \<\<cold/flu\>\> agarrar, pescar* (fam), pillar (fam), coger* (esp Esp)

she got chickenpox from her sister — la hermana le contagió or (fam) le pegó la varicela

8) ( catch) \<\<bus/train\>\> tomar, coger* (Esp)

9) (colloq)

a) ( irritate) fastidiar

b) ( arouse pity)

it gets you right there — (set phrase) te conmueve, te da mucha lástima

c) ( puzzle)

what gets me is how... — lo que no entiendo es cómo...

10)

a) ( understand) (colloq) entender*

don't get me wrong — no me malentiendas or malinterpretes

get it? — ¿entiendes?, ¿agarras or (Esp) coges la onda? (fam)

b) (hear, take note of) oír*

I didn't get your name — no entendí tu nombre

did you get the number? — ¿tomaste nota del número?

11) ( answer) (colloq) \<\<phone\>\> contestar, atender*, coger* (Esp); \<\<door\>\> abrir*

12) ( possess)

to have got — see have

Sense II

13) (bring, move, put) (+ adv compl)

we'll get it there by two o'clock — lo tendremos allí antes de las dos

just wait till I get you home! — ya vas a ver cuando lleguemos a casa!

they couldn't get it up the stairs — no lo pudieron subir por las escaleras; see also get across, get in

14) ( cause to be) (+ adj compl)

he got the children ready — preparó a los niños

I can't get the window open/shut — no puedo abrir/cerrar la ventana

they got their feet wet/dirty — se mojaron/se ensuciaron los pies

15) to get somebody/something + pp

a) ( with action carried out by subject)

we must get some work done — tenemos que trabajar un poco

it's about time they got themselves organized — ya va siendo hora de que se organicen

b) ( with action carried out by somebody else)

he got the house painted — hizo pintar la casa

I must get this watch fixed — tengo que llevar a or (AmL tb) mandar (a) arreglar este reloj

16) (arrange, persuade, force)

to get somebody/something to + inf: I'll get him to help you ( order) le diré que te ayude; ( ask) le pediré que te ayude; ( persuade) lo convenceré de que te ayude; she could never get him to understand no podría hacérselo entender; you'll never get them to agree to that no vas a lograr que acepten eso; I can't get it to work — no puedo hacerlo funcionar

17) ( cause to start)

to get somebody/something -ing: it's the sort of record that gets everybody dancing es el tipo de disco que hace bailar a todo el mundo or que hace que todo el mundo baile; can you get the pump working? — ¿puedes hacer funcionar la bomba?

2.

get vi

1) ( reach) (+ adv compl) llegar*

I got here yesterday — llegué ayer

can you get there by train? — ¿se puede ir en tren?

how do you get to work? — ¿cómo vas al trabajo?

can anyone remember where we'd got to? — ¿alguien se acuerda de dónde habíamos quedado?

to get nowhere, not to get anywhere — see nowhere I 1), anywhere I 1) b)

to get somewhere — avanzar*, adelantar

we're finally getting somewhere! — por fin estamos sacando algo en limpio!

to get there: it's not perfect, but we're getting there — perfecto no es, pero poco a poco...

2)

a) ( become)

to get married — casarse

to get dressed — vestirse*

your dinner's getting cold — se te está enfriando la cena

he got very angry — se puso furioso

they get tired easily — se cansan con facilidad

b) (be) (colloq)

she gets invited to lots of parties — la invitan a muchas fiestas

her bike got stolen — le robaron la bicicleta

3) to get to + inf

a) ( come to) llegar* a + inf

I never really got to know him — nunca llegué a conocerlo de verdad

you'll get to like it eventually — vas a ver como termina por gustarte

b) ( have opportunity to)

in this job you get to meet many interesting people — en este trabajo uno tiene la oportunidad de conocer a mucha gente interesante

when do we get to open the presents? — ¿cuándo podemos abrir los regalos?

4) ( start)

to get -ing — empezar* a + inf, ponerse* a + inf

right, let's get moving! — bueno, pongámonos en acción (or en marcha etc)!

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- get about

- get above

- get across

- get ahead

- get along

- get around

- get around to

- get at

- get away

- get away with

- get back

- get back at

- get back to

- get behind

- get by

- get down

- get down to

- get in

- get in on

- get into

- get in with

- get off

- get off on

- get off with

- get on

- get on for

- get onto

- get out

- get out of

- get over

- get past

- get round

- get through

- get to

- get together

- get up

- get up to

English-spanish dictionary > get
8 Historical Portugal

   Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.

   A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.

   Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140

   The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."

   In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.

   The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.

   Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385

   Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in

   Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.

   The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.

   Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580

   The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.

   The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.

   What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.

   By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.

   Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.

   The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.

   By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.

   In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.

   Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640

   Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.

   Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.

   On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.

   Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822

   Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.

   Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.

   In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the

   Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.

   Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.

   Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.

   Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910

   During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.

   Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.

   Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.

   Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.

   Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.

   As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.

   First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26

   Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.

   The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.

   Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.

   The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74

   During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."

   Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.

   For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),

   and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.

   The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.

   With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.

   During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.

   The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.

   At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.

   The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.

   Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76

   Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.

   Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.

   In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.

   In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.

   In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.

   The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until

   UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.

   Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000

   After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.

   From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.

   Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.

   Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.

   In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.

   In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.

   Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.

    Contemporary Portugal

   Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.

   The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.

   Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.

   Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).

   All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.

   The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.

   Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.

   Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

   From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.

   Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.

   In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.

   An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal
9 win

1. transitive verb,
-nn-, won

1) gewinnen; bekommen [Stipendium, Auftrag, Vertrag, Recht]; ernten [Beifall, Dank]

win the long jump — im Weitsprung gewinnen

win an argument/debate — aus einem Streit/einer Debatte als Sieger hervorgehen

win promotion — befördert werden

win somebody something — jemandem etwas einbringen

win a reputation [for oneself] — sich (Dat.) einen Ruf erwerben od. einen Namen machen

win something from or off somebody — jemandem etwas abnehmen

you can't win them all — (coll.)

you win some, you lose some — (coll.) man kann nicht immer Glück haben

2) (coll.): (steal) organisieren (ugs.)

3)

win one's way into somebody's heart/affections — jemandes Herz/Zuneigung gewinnen
2. intransitive verb,
-nn-, won gewinnen; (in battle) siegen

you win — (have defeated me) du hast gewonnen (ugs.)

win or lose — wie es auch ausgeht/ausgehen würde

you can't win — (coll.) da hat man keine Chance (ugs.)
3. noun
Sieg, der

have a win — gewinnen

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/93784/win_back">win back

- win out

- win over

- win through

* * *
[win] 1. present participle - winning; verb
1) (to obtain (a victory) in a contest; to succeed in coming first in (a contest), usually by one's own efforts: He won a fine victory in the election; Who won the war/match?; He won the bet; He won ( the race) in a fast time / by a clear five metres.) gewinnen

2) (to obtain (a prize) in a competition etc, usually by luck: to win first prize; I won $5 in the crossword competition.) gewinnen

3) (to obtain by one's own efforts: He won her respect over a number of years.) gewinnen
2. noun
(a victory or success: She's had two wins in four races.) der Sieg

- winner
- winning
- winning-post
- win over
- win the day
- win through
* * *

win

[wɪn]

I. vt

<won, won>

1. (be victorious)

▪ to \win sth etw gewinnen

to \win a battle/war eine Schlacht/einen Krieg gewinnen

to \win a case/lawsuit einen Fall/eine Klage gewinnen

to \win the day ( fig) einen Sieg davontragen

to \win a debate aus einer Debatte als Sieger(in) m(f) hervorgehen

to \win an election eine Wahl gewinnen

to \win a seat ein Mandat gewinnen

to \win a victory einen Sieg erringen

2. (obtain)

▪ to \win sth etw gewinnen [o bekommen]

to \win sb's approval (appreciation) jds Anerkennung finden; (consent) jds Zustimmung finden

to \win fame berühmt werden

to \win sb's heart/love jds Herz/Liebe gewinnen

to \win people's hearts die Menschen für sich akk gewinnen

to \win popularity sich akk beliebt machen

to \win promotion befördert werden

to \win recognition Anerkennung finden

to \win a reputation as sb sich dat einen Namen als jd machen

to \win a scholarship to Oxford ein Stipendium für Oxford bekommen

to \win sb's support jds Unterstützung gewinnen

▪ to \win sb/sth sth [or sth for sb] jdm/etw etw einbringen

▪ to \win sth off sb ( fam) jdm etw abnehmen [o fam abknöpfen]

she won £10 off me at poker sie hat mir beim Poker 10 Pfund abgeknöpft fam

3. (extract)

▪ to \win sth ore, coal etw abbauen

to \win oil Öl gewinnen

4.

▶ you can't \win them all ( saying) man kann nicht immer Glück haben

▶ [you] \win some, [you] lose some ( saying) mal gewinnt man, mal verliert man

▶ to \win one's spurs sich dat die Sporen verdienen

II. vi

<won, won>

gewinnen

they were \winning at half time sie lagen zur Halbzeit vorn

you [just] can't \win! da hat man keine Chance!

OK, you \win! okay, du hast gewonnen!

to \win by three goals to two drei zu zwei gewinnen

to \win by two lengths/a handsome majority mit zwei Längen [Vorsprung]/einer stattlichen Mehrheit gewinnen

to \win easily [or ( fam) hands down] spielend gewinnen

\win or lose,... ( also fig) [ob] gewonnen oder verloren,..., wie es auch ausgeht,...

▶ may the best man \win dem Besten der Sieg, der Beste möge gewinnen

III. n Sieg m

away/home \win Auswärts-/Heimsieg m

to have a \win bet gewinnen; money einen Gewinn machen

* * *
[wɪn] vb: pret, ptp won
1. n
Sieg m
to back a horse for a win — auf den Sieg eines Pferdes setzen

to have a win (money) — einen Gewinn machen; (victory) einen Sieg erzielen

to play for a win — auf Sieg spielen

2. vt

1) race, prize, battle, election, money, bet, sympathy, support, friends, glory gewinnen; reputation erwerben; scholarship, contract bekommen; victory erringen

to win sb's heart/love/hand — jds Herz/Liebe/Hand gewinnen

he tried to win her — er versuchte, sie für sich zu gewinnen

it won him the first prize — es brachte ihm den ersten Preis ein

sb — jdm etw abgewinnen

2) (= obtain, extract) gewinnen

the oil won from the North Sea — das aus der Nordsee gewonnene Öl

land won from the sea — dem Meer abgewonnenes Land

3) (liter: reach with effort) shore, summit erreichen

3. vi

1) (in race, election, argument etc) gewinnen, siegen

if winning becomes too important — wenn das Siegen or das Gewinnen zu wichtig wird

OK, you win, I was wrong — okay, du hast gewonnen, ich habe mich geirrt

whatever I do, I just can't win — egal, was ich mache, ich machs immer falsch

2) (liter)

to win free — sich freikämpfen, sich befreien

* * *

win [wın]

A v/i prät und pperf won [wʌn]

1. gewinnen ( at chess beim oder im Schach), siegen:

win by 40 yards from mit 40 Yards Vorsprung gewinnen vor (dat);

which team is winning? welche Mannschaft führt?;

they are winning by 2-1 sie führen 2:1;

win out umg sich durchsetzen ( over gegen)

2. gelangen:

win in (out, back) hinein-(hinaus-, zurück)gelangen;

win through

a) durchkommen, sich durchkämpfen ( beide:

to zu),

b) ans Ziel gelangen (a. fig),

c) fig sich durchsetzen;

win loose ( oder free, clear) sich frei machen

3. win on Einfluss gewinnen auf (akk) oder über (akk)

B v/t

1. ein Vermögen etc erwerben:

win fame sich Ruhm erwerben;

win hono(u)r zu Ehren gelangen;

win praise Lob ernten; → fame 1

2. jemandem Lob einbringen oder eintragen

3. eine Schlacht etc gewinnen:

he won the race from er gewann das Rennen vor (dat)

4. einen Preis etc gewinnen, einen Sieg erringen:

point won Pluspunkt m;

win £3 from ( oder off) sb jemandem 3 Pfund abgewinnen, von jemandem 3 Pfund gewinnen;

win one’s way seinen Weg machen; → day Bes Redew, field A 7, spur A 1, trick A 7

5. sein Brot, seinen Lebensunterhalt verdienen

6. die Küste etc erreichen, gelangen zu

7. einen Freund, jemandes Liebe etc gewinnen

8. win over ( oder round)

a) jemanden für sich gewinnen, auf seine Seite ziehen, engS. jemandes Herz erobern:

win sb over to a project jemanden für ein Vorhaben gewinnen

b) jemanden rumkriegen

9. win sb to do sth jemanden dazu bringen, etwas zu tun

10. Bergbau:

a) Erz, Kohle etc gewinnen

b) ein Abbaugebiet erschließen

C s

a) besonders SPORT Sieg m

b) Gewinn m:

have a win einen Sieg erzielen; einen Gewinn machen; → pool² A 2

* * *
1. transitive verb,
-nn-, won

1) gewinnen; bekommen [Stipendium, Auftrag, Vertrag, Recht]; ernten [Beifall, Dank]

win the long jump — im Weitsprung gewinnen

win an argument/debate — aus einem Streit/einer Debatte als Sieger hervorgehen

win promotion — befördert werden

win somebody something — jemandem etwas einbringen

win a reputation [for oneself] — sich (Dat.) einen Ruf erwerben od. einen Namen machen

win something from or off somebody — jemandem etwas abnehmen

you can't win them all — (coll.)

you win some, you lose some — (coll.) man kann nicht immer Glück haben

2) (coll.): (steal) organisieren (ugs.)

3)

win one's way into somebody's heart/affections — jemandes Herz/Zuneigung gewinnen
2. intransitive verb,
-nn-, won gewinnen; (in battle) siegen

you win — (have defeated me) du hast gewonnen (ugs.)

win or lose — wie es auch ausgeht/ausgehen würde

you can't win — (coll.) da hat man keine Chance (ugs.)
3. noun
Sieg, der

have a win — gewinnen

Phrasal Verbs:

- win back

- win out

- win over

- win through

* * *

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: won)

= erlangen v.

siegen v. v

gewinnen v.

(§ p.,pp.: gewann, gewonnen)

English-german dictionary > win
10 command

I [kə'mɑːnd] [AE -'mænd]
nome

1) (order) comando m., ordine m.

to carry out, give a command — eseguire, dare un ordine

2) (military control) comando m.

to give sb. command of sth. — affidare a qcn. il comando di qcs.

to be in command of — essere al comando di, comandare [ troops]

to be under the command of sb. — essere agli ordini di qcn.

to have command of the air — avere il dominio dei cieli

3) (mastery) padronanza f.; (control) controllo m.

to have full command of one's faculties — essere nel pieno possesso delle proprie facoltà

an excellent command of Russian — un'eccellente padronanza del russo

to be in command of the situation — tenere sotto controllo la situazione

to have sth. at one's command — avere qcs. a propria disposizione

4) inform. comando m.
II 1. [kə'mɑːnd] [AE -'mænd]
verbo transitivo

1) (order)

to command sb. to do — ordinare a qcn. di fare

2) (obtain as one's due) ispirare [ affection]; incutere [ respect]; suscitare [ admiration]

3) (dispose of) disporre di [funds, support, majority]

4) (dominate) dominare [ valley]

to command a view of — avere vista su

5) mil. comandare [ regiment]; dominare [air, sea]
2.
verbo intransitivo comandare

* * *
1. verb
1) (to order: I command you to leave the room immediately!) ordinare

2) (to have authority over: He commanded a regiment of soldiers.) comandare

3) (to have by right: He commands great respect.) meritare
2. noun
1) (an order: We obeyed his commands.) comando, ordine

2) (control: He was in command of the operation.) comando

•

- commandant
- commander
- commanding
- commandment
- commander-in-chief
* * *
I [kə'mɑːnd] [AE -'mænd]
nome

1) (order) comando m., ordine m.

to carry out, give a command — eseguire, dare un ordine

2) (military control) comando m.

to give sb. command of sth. — affidare a qcn. il comando di qcs.

to be in command of — essere al comando di, comandare [ troops]

to be under the command of sb. — essere agli ordini di qcn.

to have command of the air — avere il dominio dei cieli

3) (mastery) padronanza f.; (control) controllo m.

to have full command of one's faculties — essere nel pieno possesso delle proprie facoltà

an excellent command of Russian — un'eccellente padronanza del russo

to be in command of the situation — tenere sotto controllo la situazione

to have sth. at one's command — avere qcs. a propria disposizione

4) inform. comando m.
II 1. [kə'mɑːnd] [AE -'mænd]
verbo transitivo

1) (order)

to command sb. to do — ordinare a qcn. di fare

2) (obtain as one's due) ispirare [ affection]; incutere [ respect]; suscitare [ admiration]

3) (dispose of) disporre di [funds, support, majority]

4) (dominate) dominare [ valley]

to command a view of — avere vista su

5) mil. comandare [ regiment]; dominare [air, sea]
2.
verbo intransitivo comandare

English-Italian dictionary > command
11 secure

1. adjective
1) (safe) sicher

secure against burglars/fire — gegen Einbruch/Feuer geschützt; einbruch-/feuersicher

make something secure from attack/enemies — etwas gegen Angriffe/Feinde sichern

2) (firmly fastened) fest

be secure — [Ladung:] gesichert sein; [Riegel, Tür:] fest zu sein; [Tür:] ver- od. zugeriegelt sein; [Schraube:] fest sein od. sitzen

make something secure — etwas sichern

3) (untroubled) sicher, gesichert [Existenz]

feel secure — sich sicher od. geborgen fühlen

secure in the knowledge that... — in dem sicheren Bewusstsein, dass...
2. transitive verb
1) (obtain) sichern ( for Dat.); beschaffen [Auftrag] ( for Dat.); (for oneself) sich (Dat.) sichern

2) (confine) fesseln [Gefangenen]; (in container) einschließen [Wertsachen]; (fasten firmly) sichern, fest zumachen [Fenster, Tür]; festmachen [Boot] (to an + Dat.)

3) (guarantee) absichern [Darlehen]

* * *
[si'kjuə] 1. adjective
1) ((often with against or from) safe; free from danger, loss etc: Is your house secure against burglary?; He went on holiday, secure in the knowledge that he had done well in the exam.) sicher

2) (firm, fastened, or fixed: Is that door secure?) fest

3) (definite; not likely to be lost: She has had a secure offer of a job; He has a secure job.) gesichert
2. verb
1) ((with against or from (something bad)) to guarantee or make safe: Keep your jewellery in the bank to secure it against theft.) schützen

2) (to fasten or make firm: He secured the boat with a rope.) sichern

•

- academic.ru/91361/securely">securely
- security
- security risk
* * *

se·cure

[sɪˈkjʊəʳ, AM -ˈkjʊr]

I. adj

<-r, -st or more \secure, the most \secure>

1. (certain, permanent) sicher

\secure job sicherer Arbeitsplatz

financially \secure finanziell abgesichert

2. usu pred (safe, confident) sicher

to feel \secure sich akk sicher [o geborgen] fühlen

3. (safely guarded) bewacht; (safe against interception) abhörsicher

\secure against theft diebstahlsicher

\secure mental hospital/unit geschlossene psychiatrische Klinik/Abteilung

▪ to be \secure against [or from] sth vor etw dat sicher sein

to make sth \secure against attack etw gegen Angriffe sichern

4. usu pred (fixed in position) fest; door fest verschlossen

check that the door is \secure schau nach, ob die Tür auch wirklich zu ist

to make a boat \secure ein Boot festmachen

II. vt

1. (obtain)

▪ to \secure sth sich dat etw sichern, etw garantieren

▪ to \secure sth for sb [or sb sth] jdm etw sichern; job, order jdm etw verschaffen

2. (make safe)

▪ to \secure sth etw [ab]sichern

to \secure one's future/position ( fig) seine Zukunft/Position absichern

to \secure sb/sth against [or from] sth jdn/etw vor etw dat schützen

3. (fasten)

▪ to \secure sth [to sth] etw [an etw dat] befestigen [o festmachen]

to \secure a door/a window eine Tür/ein Fenster fest schließen

4. (guarantee repayment of)

▪ to \secure sth etw absichern

to \secure a loan für einen Kredit Sicherheit stellen

to \secure a loan against [or on] sth einen Kredit durch etw akk abdecken

* * *
[sɪ'kjʊə(r)]
1. adj (+er)

1) (= safe) sicher; (emotionally) geborgen; existence, income gesichert

secure in the knowledge that... — ruhig in dem Bewusstsein, dass...

to be secure against or from sth — vor etw (dat)

to feel secure (emotionally) — sich sicher fühlen sich geborgen fühlen

to feel secure about one's future — der Zukunft sicher entgegensehen

to make sb feel secure — jdm das Gefühl der Sicherheit geben

to be financially secure — finanziell abgesichert sein

to be emotionally secure — emotional stabil sein

2) (= fastened) lock, door gesichert; (= firm, well-fastened) grip, knot, tile fest

is the window secure? — ist das Fenster fest zu?

is the lid secure? — ist der Deckel fest drauf?

to make a door/window/rope secure — eine Tür/ein Fenster/ein Seil sichern

to make a tile secure — einen Ziegel befestigen

3) (= solid) base sicher, solide

to have a secure foothold (fig) — festen Fuß gefasst haben

on secure ground — auf sicherem Boden

2. vt

1) (= fasten, make firm) festmachen; (= tie up) befestigen, festmachen; window, door fest zumachen; (with chain, bolt etc) sichern; tile befestigen; (= make safe) sichern (from, against gegen), schützen (from, against vor +dat)

2) (= obtain) sich (dat) sichern; majority of votes, order erhalten; profits, higher prices erzielen; share, interest in business erwerben; (= buy) erstehen; cook, employee verpflichten

to secure sth for sb, to secure sb sth — jdm etw sichern

to secure sb's services — jdn verpflichten

their troops have now secured the bridge/the airport — die Truppen haben jetzt die Brücke/den Flugplatz gegen feindliche Angriffe gesichert

3) (= guarantee) sichern, garantieren; loan (ab)sichern

* * *

secure [sıˈkjʊə(r)]

A adj (adv securely)

1. sicher:

a) geschützt, in Sicherheit ( beide:

from, against vor dat):

feel secure sich sicher fühlen;

a secure hiding place ein sicheres Versteck

b) fest (Fundament etc)

c) MIL uneinnehmbar (Festung etc)

d) gesichert (Existenz etc):

be financially secure finanziell abgesichert sein

e) gewiss:

victory is secure

2. ruhig, sorglos (Leben etc)

3. in sicherem Gewahrsam (Krimineller etc)

B v/t

1. (o.s. sich) sichern, schützen ( beide:

from, against vor dat, gegen)

2. sichern, garantieren ( beide:

sb sth jemandem etwas)

3. sich etwas sichern oder beschaffen:

secure a seat einen Sitzplatz ergattern umg

4. erreichen, erlangen

5. JUR ein Patent, Urteil etc erwirken

6. auch TECH sichern, befestigen (to an dat):

secure by bolts festschrauben

7. eine Tür etc (fest) (ver)schließen

8. Wertgegenstände etc sicherstellen, in Sicherheit bringen

9. JUR festnehmen, dingfest machen

10. MIL sichern, befestigen

11. besonders WIRTSCH sicherstellen:

a) etwas sichern, garantieren ( beide:

on, by durch):

secured by mortgage hypothekarisch gesichert

b) einem Gläubiger etc Sicherheit bieten

12. MED eine Arterie etc abbinden

C v/i

1. sich Sicherheit verschaffen ( against gegen)

2. SCHIFF US wegtreten, Freizeit machen

* * *
1. adjective
1) (safe) sicher

secure against burglars/fire — gegen Einbruch/Feuer geschützt; einbruch-/feuersicher

make something secure from attack/enemies — etwas gegen Angriffe/Feinde sichern

2) (firmly fastened) fest

be secure — [Ladung:] gesichert sein; [Riegel, Tür:] fest zu sein; [Tür:] ver- od. zugeriegelt sein; [Schraube:] fest sein od. sitzen

make something secure — etwas sichern

3) (untroubled) sicher, gesichert [Existenz]

feel secure — sich sicher od. geborgen fühlen

secure in the knowledge that... — in dem sicheren Bewusstsein, dass...
2. transitive verb
1) (obtain) sichern ( for Dat.); beschaffen [Auftrag] ( for Dat.); (for oneself) sich (Dat.) sichern

2) (confine) fesseln [Gefangenen]; (in container) einschließen [Wertsachen]; (fasten firmly) sichern, fest zumachen [Fenster, Tür]; festmachen [Boot] (to an + Dat.)

3) (guarantee) absichern [Darlehen]

* * *

adj.

sicher adj. v.

befestigen v.

sicherstellen v.

English-german dictionary > secure
12 support

1. n
помощь; поддержка; опора; средства к существованию; обеспечение

to abandon support for smb — отказываться от поддержки кого-л.; лишить кого-л. поддержки

to affirm one's support for smb — подтверждать свою поддержку кого-л.

to assure oneself of smb's support — заручаться чьей-л. поддержкой

to attract more public support — добиваться усиления поддержки со стороны общества

to bolster support — усиливать поддержку

to broaden support for smth — обеспечивать более широкую поддержку чего-л.

to build up support for smb — создавать поддержку кому-л.

to buy the support of local population — добиваться поддержки местного населения

to cancel support — прекращать помощь / поддержку

to canvass smb for support — добиваться поддержки с чьей-л. стороны

to cement the support of the right — упрочивать поддержку правых

to command majority support — пользоваться поддержкой большинства

to count on smb's support — рассчитывать на чью-л. поддержку

to court smb's support — добиваться чьей-л. поддержки

to cut off support — лишать кого-л. поддержки

to declare one's support — заявлять о своей поддержке

to deign smb's support — удостаиваться чьей-л. поддержки

to demonstrate one's solid support — демонстрировать единодушную поддержку

to deviate from one's support of smb — прекращать поддержку кого-л.

to double the support — удваивать поддержку

to draw one's support from smb — пользоваться чьей-л. поддержкой; получать поддержку от кого-л.

to drop one's support for smb — отказываться от оказания поддержки кому-л.; прекращать поддержку кого-л.

to drum up support for smth — искать сторонников чего-л.; просить оказать поддержку чему-л.

to enjoy mass support — пользоваться поддержкой народа

to enlist smb's support — заручаться чьей-л. поддержкой

to erode smb's support for smth — ослаблять чью-л. поддержку кого-л.

to express support for smth — выражать поддержку кого-л.

to find wide public support — встречать широкую поддержку общества

to forfeit international support — лишаться международной поддержки

to gain support — получать поддержку

to garner support — собирать голоса ( в ходе предвыборной кампании)

to gather support within the army — находить сторонников в рядах армии

to gauge the support — оценивать размеры поддержки

to get support — получать помощь / поддержку

to give smb support — оказывать кому-л. поддержку

to have smb's support — пользоваться чьей-л. поддержкой

to intensify the support — усиливать / увеличивать помощь

to lean on the support of smb — опираться на чью-л. поддержку

to lend support — оказывать поддержку

to lessen one's support for smb — уменьшать поддержку, оказываемую кому-л.

to lobby for support — добиваться поддержки (парламента и т.п.)

to lose support — терять поддержку

to maintain electoral support — сохранять поддержку избирателей

to meet with support — находить поддержку

to mobilize international political support — мобилизовывать международную политическую поддержку

to muster support for smth — находить поддержку чему-л.

to obtain support — получать помощь / поддержку

to offer support — предлагать помощь / поддержку

to pledge support — обещать поддержку

to provide support — оказывать поддержку / помощь

to raise support for smth — добиваться поддержки чего-л.

to rally support — искать сторонников; заручаться поддержкой

to rally to the support of smth — сплачиваться для поддержки чего-л.

to reaffirm one's support for smb — подтверждать свою поддержку кого-л.

to receive support — получать поддержку / помощь

to recover political support — восстанавливать политическую поддержку

to reevaluate one's support — пересматривать свою поддержку кого-л.

to regain support — вновь добиваться поддержки

to reiterate one's support for smb — подтверждать свою поддержку кого-л.

to rely on the support — опираться на поддержку

to render support — оказывать поддержку

to restate one's support for smth — вновь подтверждать свою поддержку кого-л.

to secure the support of / to seek support from smb — добиваться чьей-л. поддержки

to shout support for smb — поддерживать криками кого-л.

to show support for smth — демонстрировать свою поддержку чего-л.

to step up one's support for smth — усиливать поддержку чего-л.

to swing one's support behind smb — бросаться на поддержку кого-л.

to test support for smb — проверять наличие поддержки кого-л.

to throw one's support behind smb — оказывать поддержку кому-л.

to urge for more measured support for smb — призывать проявлять большую осторожность / взвешенность при поддержке кого-л.

to voice support for smth — высказываться в поддержку чего-л.

to water down one's support for smb — уменьшать свою поддержку, оказываемую кому-л.

to whittle away support for smb — уменьшать поддержку кого-л.

to widen electoral support — усиливать поддержку со стороны избирателей

to win smb's support — добиваться чьей-л. поддержки

to withdraw one's support for smth — отказываться от дальнейшей поддержки чего-л.

- active support
- administrative support
- all-out support
- all-round support
- big surge in support for smb
- broad support
- clear support
- congressional support for smth
- consistent support
- continuous support
- covert support
- decline of support
- delayed support
- diplomatic support
- direct support
- drop in support
- dwindling support
- economic support
- effective support
- engineer support
- fall in electoral support
- financial support
- firm support
- flagging support
- fraternal support
- full-hearted support
- government support
- grass-root support
- high-level support
- indirect support
- informational support
- international support
- lack of support
- loss of support
- managerial support
- mass support
- material and technical support
- material support
- military support
- moral support
- mutual support
- noble support
- organizational support
- overwhelming support
- political support
- popular support
- public support
- renewed support
- resolute support
- resounding support
- resurgence of support
- show of support for smb
- social support
- solid support
- staunch support
- substantial support
- substantive support
- support for smb / smth is fading
- support for smb across the widest political spectrum
- support for the agreement in Westminster has waned
- support for the strike is crumbling
- support is dwindling
- tacit support
- technical support
- technological support
- total support
- unabashed support
- unanimous support
- unconditional support
- unequivocal support
- unfailing support
- unqualified support
- unreserved support
- unshakable support
- unwavering support
- verbal support
- visa support
- voter support
- waning support
- weakening support
- wholehearted support
- wide support
- wide-spread support
- world-wide support 2. v
помогать; поддерживать; содействовать; обеспечивать; финансировать

to support life — обеспечивать средства к существованию

to support smb militarily — оказывать кому-л. военную поддержку

to support smb to the end — поддерживать кого-л. до конца

to support smth without qualification — безоговорочно поддерживать что-л.

to support the motion — поддерживать предложение

to support the peace initiative — поддерживать мирную инициативу

Politics english-russian dictionary > support
13 pass

1.
[pɑːs]noun

1) (passing of an examination) bestandene Prüfung

get a pass in maths — die Mathematikprüfung bestehen

‘pass’ — (mark or grade) Ausreichend, das

2) (written permission) Ausweis, der; (for going into or out of a place also) Passierschein, der; (Mil.): (for leave) Urlaubsschein, der; (for free transportation) Freifahrschein, der; (for free admission) Freikarte, die

3) (critical position) Notlage, die

things have come to a pretty pass [when...] — es muss schon weit gekommen sein[, wenn...]

4) (Football) Pass, der (fachspr.); Ballabgabe, die; (Fencing) Ausfall, der

make a pass to a player — [den Ball] zu einem Spieler passen (fachspr.) od. abgeben

5)

make a pass at somebody — (fig. coll.): (amorously) jemanden anmachen (ugs.)

6) (in mountains) Pass, der
2. intransitive verb
1) (move onward) [Prozession:] ziehen; [Wasser:] fließen; [Gas:] strömen; (fig.) [Redner:] übergehen (to zu)

pass further along or down the bus, please! — bitte weiter durchgehen!

2) (go) passieren; [Zug, Reisender:] fahren ( through durch)

pass over — (in plane) überfliegen [Ort]

let somebody pass — jemanden durchlassen od. passieren lassen

3) (be transported, lit. or fig.) kommen

pass into history/oblivion — in die Geschichte eingehen/in Vergessenheit geraten

the title/property passes to somebody — der Titel/Besitz geht auf jemanden über

4) (change) wechseln

pass from one state to another — von einem Zustand in einen anderen übergehen

5) (go by) [Fußgänger:] vorbeigehen; [Fahrer, Fahrzeug:] vorbeifahren; [Prozession:] vorbeiziehen; [Zeit, Sekunde:] vergehen; (by chance) [Person, Fahrzeug:] vorbeikommen

let somebody/a car pass — jemanden/ein Auto vorbeilassen (ugs.)

6) (be accepted as adequate) durchgehen; hingehen

let it/the matter pass — es/die Sache durch- od. hingehen lassen

7) (come to an end) vorbeigehen; [Fieber:] zurückgehen; [Ärger, Zorn, Sturm:] sich legen; [Gewitter, Unwetter:] vorüberziehen

8) (happen) passieren; (between persons) vorfallen

9) (be accepted) durchgehen (as als, for für)

10) (satisfy examiner) bestehen

11) (Cards) passen

pass! — [ich] passe!
3. transitive verb
1) (move past) [Fußgänger:] vorbeigehen an (+ Dat.); [Fahrer, Fahrzeug:] vorbeifahren an (+ Dat.); [Prozession:] vorbeiziehen an (+ Dat.)

2) (overtake) vorbeifahren an (+ Dat.) [Fahrzeug, Person]

3) (cross) überschreiten [Schwelle, feindliche Linien, Grenze, Marke]

4) (reach standard in) bestehen [Prüfung]

5) (approve) verabschieden [Gesetzentwurf]; annehmen [Vorschlag]; [Zensor:] freigeben [Film, Buch, Theaterstück]; bestehen lassen [Prüfungskandidaten]

6) (be too great for) überschreiten, übersteigen [Auffassungsgabe, Verständnis]

7) (move) bringen

pass a thread through the eye of a needle — einen Faden durch ein Nadelöhr ziehen od. führen

8) (Footb. etc.) abgeben (to an + Akk.)

9) (spend) verbringen [Leben, Zeit, Tag]

10) (hand)

pass somebody something — jemandem etwas reichen od. geben

would you pass the salt, please? — gibst od. reichst du mir bitte das Salz?

11) (utter) fällen, verkünden [Urteil]; machen [Bemerkung]

12) (discharge) lassen [Wasser]

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/53812/pass_away">pass away

- pass by

- pass down

- pass for

- pass off

- pass on

- pass out

- pass over

- pass through

- pass up

* * *
1. verb
1) (to move towards and then beyond (something, by going past, through, by, over etc): I pass the shops on my way to work; The procession passed along the corridor.) vorbeigehen

2) (to move, give etc from one person, state etc to another: They passed the photographs around; The tradition is passed (on/down) from father to son.) weitergeben

3) (to go or be beyond: This passes my understanding.) übersteigen

4) ((of vehicles etc on a road) to overtake: The sports car passed me at a dangerous bend in the road.) überholen

5) (to spend (time): They passed several weeks in the country.) verbringen

6) ((of an official group, government etc) to accept or approve: The government has passed a resolution.) annehmen

7) (to give or announce (a judgement or sentence): The magistrate passed judgement on the prisoner.) fällen

8) (to end or go away: His sickness soon passed.) vorübergehen

9) (to (judge to) be successful in (an examination etc): I passed my driving test.) bestehen
2. noun
1) (a narrow path between mountains: a mountain pass.) der Paß

2) (a ticket or card allowing a person to do something, eg to travel free or to get in to a building: You must show your pass before entering.) der Paß

3) (a successful result in an examination, especially when below a distinction, honours etc: There were ten passes and no fails.) das Bestehen

4) ((in ball games) a throw, kick, hit etc of the ball from one player to another: The centre-forward made a pass towards the goal.) der Paß

•

- passable
- passing
- passer-by
- password
- in passing
- let something pass
- let pass
- pass as/for
- pass away
- pass the buck
- pass by
- pass off
- pass something or someone off as
- pass off as
- pass on
- pass out
- pass over
- pass up
* * *

pass

[pɑ:s, AM pæs]

I. NOUN

<pl -es>

1. (road) Pass m

the Khyber \pass der Khaiberpass

mountain \pass [Gebirgs]pass m

2. SPORT (of a ball) Pass m (to auf + akk), Vorlage f (für ein Tor)

3. (sweep: by magician, conjuror) [Hand]bewegung f

the magician made some \passes with his hands over her body der Zauberer fuhr mit der Hand mehrmals über ihren Körper

4. plane

to make a \pass over sth über etw akk fliegen

the aircraft flew low in a \pass over the ski resort das Flugzeug flog sehr tief über das Skigebiet hinweg

5. ( fam: sexual advance) Annäherungsversuch m

to make a \pass at sb sich akk an jdn ranmachen, ÖSTERR bes mit jdm anbandeln fam

6. BRIT SCH, UNIV (exam success) Bestehen nt einer Prüfung; AM (grade) „Bestanden“

students just get a \pass or fail in these courses in diesen Kursen können die Studenten nur entweder bestehen oder durchfallen

to achieve grade A \passes nur Einser bekommen

to get/obtain a \pass in an exam eine Prüfung bestehen

7. (permit) Passierschein m; (for a festival) Eintritt m, Eintrittskarte f; (for public transport) [Wochen-/Monats-/Jahres-]karte f

only people with a \pass are allowed to enter the nuclear power station nur Personen mit einem entsprechenden Ausweis dürfen das Kernkraftwerk betreten

free \pass Freikarte f

disabled people have a free \pass for the public transport system Behinderte können die öffentlichen Verkehrsmittel kostenlos benutzen

8. esp AM SCH (letter of excuse) Entschuldigung f (für das Fernbleiben vom Unterricht)

9. no pl (predicament) Notlage f, kritische Lage

this is a \pass — we can't get back into the hotel da haben wir uns ja was Schönes eingebrockt — wir können nicht ins Hotel zurück fam

it has come to a pretty \pass when... es ist schon weit gekommen, wenn...

to reach a \pass außer Kontrolle geraten, ausufern

10. (in fencing) Ausfall m fachspr

II. TRANSITIVE VERB

1. (go past)

▪ to \pass sb/sth an jdm/etw vorbeigehen; (in car) an jdm/etw vorbeifahren

if you \pass a supermarket, can you get me some milk? würdest du mir Milch mitbringen, wenn du bei einem Supermarkt vorbeikommst?

2. (overtake)

▪ to \pass sb/sth jdn/etw überholen

3. (cross)

to \pass a frontier eine Grenze überqueren

not a word \passed his lips kein Wort kam über seine Lippen

4. (exceed)

▪ to \pass sth:

it \passes all belief that... es ist doch wirklich nicht zu fassen, dass...

don't buy goods which have \passed their sell-by date kauf keine Waren, deren Verfallsdatum bereits abgelaufen ist

to \pass a limit eine Grenze überschreiten

to \pass the time limit das Zeitlimit überschreiten

I'm sorry, you've \passed the time limit es tut mir leid, aber Sie haben überzogen

5. (hand to)

▪ to \pass sth to sb [or sb sth] jdm etw geben, jdm etw [herüber]reichen bes geh; (bequeath to) jdm etw vererben

could you \pass the salt please? könntest du mir bitte mal das Salz geben?

to \pass the hat [around] ( fig) den Hut herumgehen lassen fig

▪ to be \passed to sb auf jdn [o in jds Besitz] übergehen

the responsibility was gradually \passed to the British government die Verantwortung wurde nach und nach der britischen Regierung übertragen

6. (put into circulation)

to \pass money Geld in Umlauf bringen

she was caught trying to \pass forged five pound notes sie wurde dabei erwischt, als sie versuchte, mit gefälschten Fünfpfundnoten zu bezahlen

he once \passed me a forged fiver er hat mir einmal einen gefälschten Fünfer angedreht fam

7. SPORT

to \pass the ball den Ball abgeben [o abspielen]

to \pass the ball to sb jdm den Ball zuspielen

to \pass the baton to sb SPORT den Stab an jdn abgeben

the baton was \passed smoothly der Stab wurde sauber übergeben

8. (succeed)

to \pass an exam/a test eine Prüfung/eine Arbeit bestehen

to \pass muster akzeptabel sein

9. (of time)

to \pass one's days/holiday [or AM vacation] /time doing sth seine Tage/Ferien/Zeit mit etw dat verbringen

to \pass the time sich dat die Zeit vertreiben

to \pass the time of day with sb jdn [nur] kurz grüßen

I just wanted to \pass the time of day with her, but... ich wollte wirklich nur kurz guten Tag sagen und ein wenig mit ihr plaudern, doch...

10. usu passive esp POL (approve)

▪ to be \passed law verabschiedet werden

to \pass a motion einen Antrag genehmigen

“motion \passed by a clear majority” „Antrag mit deutlicher Mehrheit angenommen“

to \pass a resolution eine Resolution verabschieden

the resolution was \passed unanimously die Resolution wurde einstimmig angenommen

to \pass sb/sth as fit [or suitable] jdn/etw [als] geeignet erklären

meat \passed as fit for human consumption Fleisch, das für den Verzehr freigegeben wurde

he was \passed fit for military service er wurde für wehrdiensttauglich erklärt

the censors \passed the film as suitable for children die Zensurstelle gab den Film für Kinder frei

11. (utter)

to \pass a comment einen Kommentar abgeben

to \pass a comment on sb eine Bemerkung über jdn machen

to \pass judgement on sb/sth ein Urteil über jdn/etw fällen, über jdn/etw ein Urteil abgeben

to \pass one's opinion seine Meinung sagen

to \pass a remark eine Bemerkung machen

she's been \passing remarks about me behind my back sie ist hinter meinem Rücken über mich hergezogen

to \pass sentence [on sb] LAW das Urteil [über jdn] fällen

12. MED ( form: excrete)

to \pass blood Blut im Stuhl/Urin haben

to \pass faeces Kot ausscheiden

to \pass urine urinieren

to \pass water Wasser lassen

13. FIN

to \pass a dividend eine Dividende ausfallen lassen

14.

▶ to \pass the buck to sb/sth ( fam) die Verantwortung auf jdn/etw abwälzen fam, jdm/etw den Schwarzen Peter zuschieben fam

III. INTRANSITIVE VERB

1. (move by) vorbeigehen, vorbeilaufen, vorbeikommen; road vorbeiführen; parade vorbeiziehen, vorüberziehen; car vorbeifahren

we often \passed on the stairs wir sind uns oft im Treppenhaus begegnet

the Queen \passed among the crowd die Königin mischte sich unter die Menge

the planes \passed noisily overhead die Flugzeuge donnerten vorbei fam

the bullet \passed between her shoulder blades die Kugel ging genau zwischen ihren Schulterblättern durch

if you \pass by a chemist... wenn du an einer Apotheke vorbeikommst...

a momentary look of anxiety \passed across his face ( fig) für einen kurzen Moment überschattete ein Ausdruck der Besorgnis seine Miene

to \pass out of sight außer Sichtweite geraten

to \pass unnoticed unbemerkt bleiben

▪ to \pass over sth plane über etw akk hinwegfliegen

▪ to \pass under sth unter etw dat hindurchgehen; (by car) unter etw dat hindurchfahren; road unter etw dat hindurchführen

2. (overtake) überholen

3. (enter) eintreten, hereinkommen

may I \pass? kann ich hereinkommen?

that helps prevent fats \passing into the bloodstream das verhindert, dass Fette in die Blutbahn gelangen

to allow sb to [or let sb] \pass jdn durchlassen

they shall not \pass! sie werden nicht durchkommen! (Kampfruf der Antifaschisten)

4. (go away) vergehen, vorübergehen, vorbeigehen

it'll soon \pass das ist bald vorüber

I felt a bit nauseous, but the feeling \passed mir war ein bisschen schlecht, aber das ging auch wieder vorbei

for a moment she thought she'd die but the moment \passed für einen kurzen Moment lang dachte sie, sie würde sterben

I let a golden opportunity \pass ich habe mir eine einmalige Gelegenheit entgehen lassen

5. (change)

▪ to \pass from sth to sth von etw dat zu etw dat übergehen

wax \passes from solid to liquid when you heat it beim Erhitzen wird festes Wachs flüssig

the water \passes from a liquid state to a solid state when frozen Wasser wird fest, wenn es gefriert

6. (transfer)

all these English words have \passed into the German language all diese englischen Wörter sind in die deutsche Sprache eingegangen

to \pass into oblivion in Vergessenheit geraten

7. (exchange)

no words have \passed between us since our divorce seit unserer Scheidung haben wir kein einziges Wort miteinander gewechselt

the looks \passing between them suggested that... die Blicke, die sie miteinander wechselten, ließen darauf schließen, dass...

greetings were \passed between them sie begrüßten sich

8. SPORT (of a ball) zuspielen, [den Ball] abgeben [o abspielen

9. SCH (succeed) bestehen, durchkommen

he \passed at the fifth attempt er bestand die Prüfung im fünften Anlauf

10. (go by) time vergehen, verstreichen

the evening \passed without incident der Abend verlief ohne Zwischenfälle

11. (not answer) passen [müssen]

\pass — I don't know the answer ich passe — ich weiß es nicht

the contestant \passed on four questions der Wettbewerbsteilnehmer musste bei vier Fragen passen

12. (forgo)

▪ to \pass on sth auf etw akk verzichten

13. (be accepted as)

I don't think you'll \pass as 18 keiner wird dir abnehmen, dass du 18 bist

do you think this jacket and trousers could \pass as a suit? meinst du, ich kann diese Jacke und die Hose als Anzug anziehen?

he could \pass as a German in our new film für unseren neuen Film könnte er als Deutscher durchgehen

14. CARDS passen

15. ( old)

and it come to \pass that... und da begab es sich, dass...

* * *
[pAːs]
1. n

1) (= permit) Ausweis m; (MIL ETC) Passierschein m

a free pass — eine Freikarte; (permanent) ein Sonderausweis m

2) (Brit UNIV) Bestehen nt einer Prüfung

to get a pass in German — seine Deutschprüfung bestehen; (lowest level) seine Deutschprüfung mit "ausreichend" bestehen

I still need a pass in physics — ich muss noch einen Abschluss in Physik machen

3) (GEOG, SPORT) Pass m; (FTBL, for shot at goal) Vorlage f

4) (FENCING) Ausfall m

5) (= movement by conjurer, hypnotist) Bewegung f, Geste f

the conjurer made a few quick passes with his hand over the top of the hat — der Zauberer fuhr mit der Hand ein paar Mal schnell über dem Hut hin und her

the text had a special hyphenation pass — der Text wurde eigens in Bezug auf Silbentrennung überprüft

6)

things had come to such a pass that... — die Lage hatte sich so zugespitzt, dass...

things have come to a pretty pass when... — so weit ist es schon gekommen, dass...

this is a pretty pass! — das ist ja eine schöne Bescherung!

7)

to make a pass at sb — bei jdm Annäherungsversuche machen

8) (AVIAT)

the jet made three passes over the ship — der Düsenjäger flog dreimal über das Schiff

on its fourth pass over the area the plane was almost hit —

the pilot made two passes over the landing strip before deciding to come down — der Pilot passierte die Landebahn zweimal, ehe er sich zur Landung entschloss

2. vt

1) (= move past) vorbeigehen/-fahren/-fliegen an (+dat)

he passed me without even saying hello — er ging ohne zu grüßen an mir vorbei

the ship passed the mouth of the estuary — das Schiff passierte die Flussmündung

2) (= overtake) athlete, car überholen

he's passed all the other candidates — er hat alle anderen Kandidaten überflügelt

3) (= cross) frontier etc überschreiten, überqueren, passieren; deadline überschreiten

not a word passed her lips — kein Wort kam über ihre Lippen

4) (= reach, hand) reichen

they passed the photograph around — sie reichten or gaben das Foto herum

pass (me) the salt, please —

he passed the hammer up — er reichte den Hammer hinauf

the characteristics which he passed to his son — die Eigenschaften, die er an seinen Sohn weitergab

5)

it passes belief — es ist kaum zu fassen

it passes my comprehension that... —

love which passes all understanding — Liebe, die jenseits allen Verstehens liegt

6) (UNIV ETC) exam bestehen; candidate bestehen lassen

7)

this film will never pass the censors — dieser Film kommt nie und nimmer durch die Zensur

8) (= approve) motion annehmen; plan gutheißen, genehmigen; (PARL) verabschieden

the censors will never pass this film — die Zensur gibt diesen Film bestimmt nicht frei

9) (SPORT)

to pass the ball to sb — jdm den Ball zuspielen

you should learn to pass the ball and not hang on to it — du solltest lernen abzuspielen, statt am Ball zu kleben

10) forged bank notes weitergeben

11)

he passed his hand across his forehead — er fuhr sich (dat) mit der Hand über die Stirn

pass the thread through the hole — führen Sie den Faden durch die Öffnung

he passed a chain around the front axle — er legte eine Kette um die Vorderachse

12) (= spend) time verbringen

he did it just to pass the time — er tat das nur, um sich (dat) die Zeit zu vertreiben

13) remark von sich geben; opinion abgeben; (JUR) sentence verhängen; judgement fällen

to pass comment (on sth) — einen Kommentar (zu etw) abgeben

14) (= discharge) excrement, blood absondern, ausscheiden

to pass water — Wasser or Harn lassen

3. vi

1) (= move past) vorbeigehen/-fahren

the street was too narrow for the cars to pass — die Straße war so eng, dass die Wagen nicht aneinander vorbeikamen

we passed in the corridor —

there isn't room for him to pass — es ist so eng, dass er nicht vorbeikommt

2) (= overtake) überholen

3)

(= move, go) no letters passed between them — sie wechselten keine Briefe

words passed between them — es gab einige Meinungsverschiedenheiten

what has passed between us — was sich zwischen uns zugetragen hat

a knowing look passed between them — sie tauschten wissende Blicke aus

if you pass by the grocer's... —

we passed by a line of hotels — wir kamen an einer Reihe Hotels vorbei

the procession passed down the street —

the cars pass down the assembly line — die Autos kommen das Fließband herunter

as we pass from feudalism to more open societies — beim Übergang vom Feudalismus zu offeneren Gesellschaftsformen

as we pass from youth to old age — mit zunehmendem Alter

the virus passes easily from one person to another —

people were passing in and out of the building — die Leute gingen in dem Gebäude ein und aus

the land has now passed into private hands — das Land ist jetzt in Privatbesitz übergegangen

to pass into oblivion — in Vergessenheit geraten

expressions which have passed into/out of the language — Redensarten, die in die Sprache eingegangen sind/aus der Sprache verschwunden sind

to pass into history/legend — in die Geschichte/Legende eingehen

to pass out of sight —

the firm has passed out of existence — die Firma hat aufgehört zu bestehen

he passed out of our lives — er ist aus unserem Leben verschwunden

everything he said just passed over my head — was er sagte, war mir alles zu hoch

we're now passing over Paris — wir fliegen jetzt über Paris

I'll just pass quickly over the main points again —

he's passing through a difficult period — er macht gerade eine schwere Zeit durch

the manuscript has passed through a lot of hands — das Manuskript ist durch viele Hände gegangen

the thread passes through this hole — der Faden geht durch diese Öffnung

you have to pass through Berlin — Sie müssen über Berlin fahren

shall we pass to the second subject on the agenda? — wollen wir zum zweiten Punkt der Tagesordnung übergehen?

the crown always passes to the eldest son —

the area then passed under Roman rule — das Gebiet geriet dann unter römische Herrschaft

he passed under the archway — er ging/fuhr durch das Tor

4) (time) vergehen; (deadline) verfallen

5) (= disappear, end anger, hope, era etc) vorübergehen, vorbeigehen; (storm) (= go over) vorüberziehen; (= abate) sich legen; (rain) vorbeigehen

to let an opportunity pass — eine Gelegenheit verstreichen lassen

it'll pass — das geht vorüber!

6) (= be acceptable) gehen

to let sth pass — etw durchgehen lassen

let it pass! — vergiss es!, vergessen wirs!

it'll pass — das geht

7) (= be considered, be accepted) angesehen werden (for or as sth als etw)

this little room has to pass for an office —

in her day she passed for a great beauty — zu ihrer Zeit galt sie als große Schönheit

she could easily pass for 25 — sie könnte leicht für 25 durchgehen

or what passes nowadays for a hat — oder was heute so als Hut betrachtet wird

8) (in exam) bestehen

I passed! — ich habe bestanden!

did you pass in chemistry? — hast du deine Chemieprüfung bestanden?

9) (SPORT) abspielen

to pass to sb — jdm zuspielen, an jdn abgeben

10) (CARDS) passen

(I) pass! — (ich) passe!

pass (in quiz etc) — passe!

I'll pass on that — da passe ich

11) (old

= happen) to come to pass — sich begeben

and it came to pass in those days... — und es begab sich zu jener Zeit...

to bring sth to pass — etw bewirken

12) (US euph = die) sterben

* * *

pass [pɑːs; US pæs]

A v/t

1. a) etwas passieren, vorbei-, vorübergehen, -fahren, -fließen, -kommen, -reiten, -ziehen an (dat)

b) Tennis: jemanden passieren

2. vorbeifahren an (dat), überholen ( auch AUTO):

we passed his car

3. fig übergehen, -springen, keine Notiz nehmen von

4. WIRTSCH eine Dividende ausfallen lassen

5. eine Schranke, ein Hindernis passieren

6. durch-, überschreiten, durchqueren, -reiten, -reisen, -ziehen, passieren:

pass a river einen Fluss überqueren

7. durchschneiden (Linie)

8. a) ein Examen bestehen

b) einen Prüfling bestehen oder durchkommen lassen:

pass sb (as) fit ( oder ready) for work MED jemanden gesundschreiben

c) etwas durchgehen lassen

9. fig hinausgehen über (akk), übersteigen, -schreiten, -treffen:

it passes my comprehension ( oder understanding) es geht über meinen Verstand oder Horizont;

just passing seventeen gerade erst siebzehn Jahre alt

10. (durch etwas) hindurchleiten, -führen (beide, auch TECH), auch die Hand gleiten lassen:

pass a wire through a hole;

he passed his hand over his forehead er fuhr sich mit der Hand über die Stirn

11. (durch ein Sieb) passieren, durchseihen

12. vorbei-, durchlassen, passieren lassen

13. Zeit ver-, zubringen:

pass the time reading sich die Zeit mit Lesen vertreiben; → time A 4

14. einen Gegenstand reichen, geben, ( auch JUR Falschgeld) weitergeben:

pass me the salt, please reichen Sie mir bitte das Salz; → buck¹ A 8, hat Bes Redew

15. übersenden, auch einen Funkspruch befördern

16. SPORT den Ball abspielen, passen ( beide:

to zu):

pass the ball auch abspielen

17. JUR Eigentum, einen Rechtstitel übertragen, (letztwillig) zukommen lassen

18. einen Vorschlag durchbringen, -setzen, ein Gesetz verabschieden, eine Resolution annehmen

19. abgeben, übertragen:

pass the chair den Vorsitz abgeben ( to sb an jemanden)

20. rechtskräftig machen

21. (als gültig) anerkennen, gelten lassen, genehmigen

22. (on, upon) eine Meinung äußern (über akk), eine Bemerkung fallen lassen oder machen, einen Kommentar geben (zu), ein Kompliment machen:

pass criticism on Kritik üben an (dat);

pass an opinion on auch sich äußern über (akk) oder zu

23. ein Urteil abgeben, fällen, JUR auch sprechen ( alle:

on, upon über akk)

24. MED

a) Eiter, Nierensteine etc ausscheiden

b) den Darm entleeren

c) Wasser lassen

25. ein Türschloss öffnen

B v/i

1. sich (fort)bewegen, (von einem Ort zu einem andern) gehen, reiten, fahren, ziehen etc

2. vorbei-, vorübergehen, -fahren, -ziehen etc (by an dat), AUTO überholen:

let sb pass jemanden vorbei- oder durchlassen

3. fahren etc ( through durch):

it has just passed through my mind fig es ist mir eben durch den Kopf gegangen

4. übergehen (to auf akk; into the hands of in die Hände gen), übertragen werden (to auf akk), fallen (to an akk):

it passes to the heirs es geht auf die Erben über, es fällt an die Erben

5. durchkommen, (die Prüfung) bestehen

6. übergehen:

pass from a solid (in)to a liquid state vom festen in den flüssigen Zustand übergehen

7. vergehen, vorübergehen (Zeit etc, auch Schmerz etc), verstreichen (Zeit):

the pain will pass der Schmerz wird vergehen;

fashions pass Moden kommen und gehen

8. euph entschlafen

9. sich zutragen, sich abspielen, vor sich gehen, passieren:

it came to pass that … besonders BIBEL es begab sich oder es geschah, dass …;

bring sth to pass etwas bewirken

10. harsh words passed between them es fielen harte Worte zwischen ihnen oder bei ihrer Auseinandersetzung

11. (for, as) gelten (für, als), gehalten werden (für), angesehen werden (für):

he passes for a much younger man er wird für viel jünger gehalten;

this passes for gold das soll angeblich Gold sein

12. a) an-, hingehen, leidlich sein

b) durchgehen, unbeanstandet bleiben, geduldet werden:

let sth pass etwas durchgehen oder gelten lassen;

let that pass reden wir nicht mehr davon

13. PARL etc durchgehen, bewilligt oder zum Gesetz erhoben werden, Rechtskraft erlangen

14. angenommen werden, gelten, (als gültig) anerkannt werden

15. gangbar sein, Geltung finden (Grundsätze, Ideen)

16. JUR gefällt werden, ergehen (Urteil, Entscheidung)

17. MED abgehen, abgeführt oder ausgeschieden werden

18. SPORT (den Ball) abspielen oder passen (to zu):

pass back to the goalkeeper (Fußball) zum Torhüter zurückspielen

19. Kartenspiel: passen:

(I) pass! a. fig ich passe!;

I pass on that! fig da muss ich passen!

C s

1. a) (Gebirgs)Pass m:

(narrow) pass Engpass;

hold the pass fig obs sich behaupten;

sell the pass fig obs abtrünnig werden

b) Durchfahrt f

c) schiffbarer Kanal

2. a) Ausweis m, Passier-, Erlaubnisschein m

b) besonders free pass Freikarte f, BAHN etc Freifahrkarte f, -schein m

3. MIL Urlaubsschein m

4. besonders Br Bestehen n (einer Prüfung):

get a pass in physics seine Physikprüfung bestehen

5. fig

a) Schritt m, Abschnitt m

b) umg (schlimme) Lage:

things have come to a fine ( oder pretty, sorry) pass es ist ganz schön weit gekommen

6. make a pass over fig etwas überfliegen

7. a) Handbewegung f (eines Zauberkünstlers)

b) manueller (Zauber)Trick

8. Bestreichung f, Strich m (beim Hypnotisieren etc)

9. Maltechnik: Strich m

10. SPORT Pass m, Ab-, Zuspiel n:

from a pass by auf Pass von

11. Kartenspiel: Passen n

12. Fechten: Ausfall m

13. make a pass at umg Annäherungsversuche machen bei

14. TECH Durchlauf m (abgeschlossener Arbeitszyklus)

* * *
1.
[pɑːs]noun

1) (passing of an examination) bestandene Prüfung

get a pass in maths — die Mathematikprüfung bestehen

‘pass’ — (mark or grade) Ausreichend, das

2) (written permission) Ausweis, der; (for going into or out of a place also) Passierschein, der; (Mil.): (for leave) Urlaubsschein, der; (for free transportation) Freifahrschein, der; (for free admission) Freikarte, die

3) (critical position) Notlage, die

things have come to a pretty pass [when...] — es muss schon weit gekommen sein[, wenn...]

4) (Football) Pass, der (fachspr.); Ballabgabe, die; (Fencing) Ausfall, der

make a pass to a player — [den Ball] zu einem Spieler passen (fachspr.) od. abgeben

5)

make a pass at somebody — (fig. coll.): (amorously) jemanden anmachen (ugs.)

6) (in mountains) Pass, der
2. intransitive verb
1) (move onward) [Prozession:] ziehen; [Wasser:] fließen; [Gas:] strömen; (fig.) [Redner:] übergehen (to zu)

pass further along or down the bus, please! — bitte weiter durchgehen!

2) (go) passieren; [Zug, Reisender:] fahren ( through durch)

pass over — (in plane) überfliegen [Ort]

let somebody pass — jemanden durchlassen od. passieren lassen

3) (be transported, lit. or fig.) kommen

pass into history/oblivion — in die Geschichte eingehen/in Vergessenheit geraten

the title/property passes to somebody — der Titel/Besitz geht auf jemanden über

4) (change) wechseln

pass from one state to another — von einem Zustand in einen anderen übergehen

5) (go by) [Fußgänger:] vorbeigehen; [Fahrer, Fahrzeug:] vorbeifahren; [Prozession:] vorbeiziehen; [Zeit, Sekunde:] vergehen; (by chance) [Person, Fahrzeug:] vorbeikommen

let somebody/a car pass — jemanden/ein Auto vorbeilassen (ugs.)

6) (be accepted as adequate) durchgehen; hingehen

let it/the matter pass — es/die Sache durch- od. hingehen lassen

7) (come to an end) vorbeigehen; [Fieber:] zurückgehen; [Ärger, Zorn, Sturm:] sich legen; [Gewitter, Unwetter:] vorüberziehen

8) (happen) passieren; (between persons) vorfallen

9) (be accepted) durchgehen (as als, for für)

10) (satisfy examiner) bestehen

11) (Cards) passen

pass! — [ich] passe!
3. transitive verb
1) (move past) [Fußgänger:] vorbeigehen an (+ Dat.); [Fahrer, Fahrzeug:] vorbeifahren an (+ Dat.); [Prozession:] vorbeiziehen an (+ Dat.)

2) (overtake) vorbeifahren an (+ Dat.) [Fahrzeug, Person]

3) (cross) überschreiten [Schwelle, feindliche Linien, Grenze, Marke]

4) (reach standard in) bestehen [Prüfung]

5) (approve) verabschieden [Gesetzentwurf]; annehmen [Vorschlag]; [Zensor:] freigeben [Film, Buch, Theaterstück]; bestehen lassen [Prüfungskandidaten]

6) (be too great for) überschreiten, übersteigen [Auffassungsgabe, Verständnis]

7) (move) bringen

pass a thread through the eye of a needle — einen Faden durch ein Nadelöhr ziehen od. führen

8) (Footb. etc.) abgeben (to an + Akk.)

9) (spend) verbringen [Leben, Zeit, Tag]

10) (hand)

pass somebody something — jemandem etwas reichen od. geben

would you pass the salt, please? — gibst od. reichst du mir bitte das Salz?

11) (utter) fällen, verkünden [Urteil]; machen [Bemerkung]

12) (discharge) lassen [Wasser]

Phrasal Verbs:

- pass away

- pass by

- pass down

- pass for

- pass off

- pass on

- pass out

- pass over

- pass through

- pass up

* * *

n.

(§ pl.: passes)

= Arbeitsgang m.

Ausweis -e m.

Durchgang m.

Durchlauf m.

Pass ¨-e m. (US) v.

überholen v. (by) (time) v.

verfließen (Zeit) v. (by) v.

vorbeigehen (an) v. v.

ablaufen v.

absolvieren (Prüfung) v.

passieren v.

English-german dictionary > pass
14 clear

clear [klɪə(r)]

transparent ⇒ 1 (a) clair ⇒ 1 (a)-(f) vif ⇒ 1 (c) net ⇒ 1 (d), 1 (h), 1 (l) évident ⇒ 1 (f) certain ⇒ 1 (g) libre ⇒ 1 (i), 1 (k) tranquille ⇒ 1 (j) distinctement ⇒ 2 (a) entièrement ⇒ 2 (c) débarrasser ⇒ 4 (a), 4 (b) clarifier ⇒ 4 (c) autoriser ⇒ 4 (d) innocenter ⇒ 4 (e) franchir ⇒ 4 (f) finir ⇒ 4 (h) s'éclaircir ⇒ 5 (a), 5 (b)

1 adjective

(a) (transparent → glass, plastic) transparent; (→ water) clair, limpide; (→ river) limpide, transparent; (→ air) pur;

∎ clear honey miel m liquide;

∎ clear soup (plain stock) bouillon m; (with meat) consommé m

(b) (cloudless → sky) clair, dégagé; (→ weather) clair, beau (belle);

∎ on a clear day par temps clair;

∎ the sky grew clearer le ciel se dégagea;

∎ as clear as day(light) clair comme le jour ou comme de l'eau de roche

(c) (not dull → colour) vif; (→ light) éclatant, radieux; (untainted → complexion) clair, frais (fraîche);

∎ clear blue bleu vif;

∎ to have (a) clear skin avoir la peau nette

(d) (distinct → outline) net, clair; (→ photograph) net; (→ sound) clair, distinct; (→ voice) clair, argentin;

∎ Television the picture was very clear l'image était très nette;

∎ make sure your writing is clear efforcez-vous d'écrire distinctement ou proprement;

∎ the lyrics are not very clear je ne distingue pas très bien les paroles de la chanson;

∎ the sound was as clear as a bell on entendait un son aussi clair que celui d'une cloche

(e) (not confused → mind) pénétrant, lucide; (→ thinking, argument, style) clair; (→ explanation, report) clair, intelligible; (→ instructions) clair, explicite; (→ message) en clair;

∎ I want to keep a clear head je veux rester lucide ou garder tous mes esprits;

∎ a clear thinker un esprit lucide;

∎ clear thinking is essential il est essentiel de garder un esprit lucide;

∎ he is quite clear about what has to be done il sait parfaitement ce qu'il y a à faire;

∎ I've got the problem clear in my head je comprends ou saisis le problème;

∎ to make one's meaning or oneself clear se faire comprendre;

∎ now let's get this clear - I want no nonsense comprenons-nous bien ou soyons clairs - je ne supporterai pas de sottises

(f) (obvious, unmistakable) évident, clair;

∎ a clear indication of a forthcoming storm un signe certain qu'il va y avoir de l'orage;

∎ it is a clear case of favouritism c'est manifestement du favoritisme, c'est un cas de favoritisme manifeste;

∎ it's clear that he's lying il est évident ou clair qu'il ment;

∎ it's clear from her letter that she's unhappy sa lettre montre clairement qu'elle est malheureuse;

∎ it becomes clearer every day cela devient plus évident chaque jour;

∎ it's far from clear who will win the election on ne peut vraiment pas dire qui va gagner les élections;

∎ it was not clear who had won on ne savait pas exactement qui avait gagné;

∎ it is clear to me that he is telling the truth pour moi, il est clair qu'il dit la vérité;

∎ he was unable to make his meaning clear il n'arrivait pas à s'expliquer;

∎ we want to make it clear that… nous tenons à préciser que…;

∎ to make it clear to sb that… bien faire comprendre à qn que…;

∎ she made it quite clear to them what she wanted elle leur a bien fait comprendre ce qu'elle voulait;

∎ it is important to make clear exactly what our aims are il est important de bien préciser quels sont nos objectifs;

∎ is that clear? est-ce que c'est clair?;

∎ do I make myself clear? est-ce que je me fais bien comprendre?, est-ce que c'est bien clair?;

∎ humorous as clear as mud clair comme l'encre

(g) (free from doubt, certain) certain;

∎ she seems quite clear about what she wants elle sait très bien ce qu'elle veut;

∎ I want to be clear in my mind about it je veux en avoir le cœur net

(h) (unqualified) net, sensible;

∎ it's a clear improvement over the other c'est nettement mieux que l'autre, il y a un net progrès par rapport à l'autre;

∎ they won by a clear majority ils ont gagné avec une large majorité

(i) (unobstructed, free → floor, path) libre, dégagé; (→ route) sans obstacles, sans danger; (→ view) dégagé;

∎ the roads are clear of snow les routes sont déblayées ou déneigées;

∎ clear of obstacles sans obstacles;

∎ I left the desk clear j'ai débarrassé le bureau;

∎ his latest X-rays are clear ses dernières radios ne montrent rien d'anormal;

∎ clear space espace m libre;

∎ we had a clear view of the sea nous avions une très belle vue sur la mer;

∎ to be clear of sth être débarrassé de qch;

∎ we're clear of the traffic nous sommes sortis des encombrements;

∎ we were clear of the last checkpoint nous avions passé le dernier poste de contrôle;

∎ once the plane was clear of the trees une fois que l'avion eut franchi les arbres;

∎ to be clear of debts être libre de dettes;

∎ figurative can you see your way clear to lending me £5? auriez-vous la possibilité de me prêter 5 livres?;

∎ all clear! (there's no traffic, no one is watching) vous pouvez y aller, la voie est libre; Military fin d'alerte!

(j) (free from guilt → conscience) tranquille;

∎ is your conscience clear? as-tu la conscience tranquille?;

∎ I can go home with a clear conscience je peux rentrer la conscience tranquille

(k) (time) libre;

∎ his schedule is clear il n'a rien de prévu sur son emploi du temps;

∎ I have Wednesday clear je n'ai rien de prévu pour mercredi;

∎ we have four clear days to finish nous avons quatre jours pleins ou entiers pour finir

(l) (net → money, wages) net;

∎ he brings home £300 clear il gagne 300 livres net;

∎ a clear profit un bénéfice net;

∎ a clear loss une perte sèche;

∎ clear of taxes net d'impôts

(m) Linguistics antérieur

2 adverb

(a) (distinctly) distinctement, nettement;

∎ Radio reading you loud and clear je te reçois cinq sur cinq;

∎ I can hear you as clear as a bell je t'entends très clairement

(b) (away from, out of the way)

∎ to get clear of sb échapper à qn;

∎ when we got clear of the town quand nous nous sommes éloignés de la ville;

∎ when I get clear of my debts quand je serai débarrassé de mes dettes;

∎ we pulled him clear of the wrecked car/of the water nous l'avons sorti de la carcasse de la voiture/de l'eau;

∎ she was thrown clear of the car elle a été éjectée de la voiture;

∎ stand clear! écartez-vous!;

∎ stand clear of the entrance! dégagez l'entrée!;

∎ stand clear of the doors! attention à la fermeture automatique des portes!;

∎ to keep or steer clear of sth éviter qch;

∎ Nautical to steer clear of a rock passer au large d'un écueil

(c) (all the way) entièrement, complètement;

∎ you can see clear to the mountain on peut voir jusqu'à la montagne;

∎ they went clear around the world ils ont fait le tour du monde;

∎ the thieves got clear away les voleurs ont disparu sans laisser de trace

3 noun

∎ (idiom) to be in the clear (out of danger) être hors de danger; (out of trouble) être tiré d'affaire; (free of blame) être blanc comme neige; (above suspicion) être au-dessus de tout soupçon; (no longer suspected) être blanchi (de tout soupçon); Sport être démarqué

4 transitive verb

(a) (remove → object) débarrasser, enlever; (→ obstacle) écarter; (→ weeds) arracher, enlever;

∎ clear the papers off the desk enlevez ces papiers du bureau, débarrassez le bureau de ces papiers;

∎ she cleared the plates from the table elle a débarrassé la table

(b) (remove obstruction from → gen) débarrasser; (→ entrance, road) dégager, déblayer; (→ forest, land) défricher; (→ streets, room) faire évacuer; (→ pipe) déboucher;

∎ it's your turn to clear the table c'est à ton tour de débarrasser la table ou de desservir;

∎ to clear one's desk (tidy) débarrasser son bureau; (complete pending tasks) régler les affaires en suspens;

∎ to clear one's throat se racler la gorge;

∎ this land has been cleared of trees ce terrain a été déboisé;

∎ clear the room! évacuez la salle!;

∎ the judge cleared the court le juge a fait évacuer la salle;

∎ the police cleared the way for the procession la police a ouvert un passage au cortège;

∎ figurative the talks cleared the way for a ceasefire les pourparlers ont préparé le terrain ou ont ouvert la voie pour un cessez-le-feu;

∎ also figurative to clear the ground déblayer le terrain;

∎ to clear the decks (prepare for action) se mettre en branle-bas de combat; (make space) faire de la place, faire le ménage

(c) (clarify → liquid) clarifier; (→ wine) coller, clarifier; (→ skin) purifier; (→ complexion) éclaircir;

∎ open the windows to clear the air ouvrez les fenêtres pour aérer;

∎ figurative his apology cleared the air ses excuses ont détendu l'atmosphère;

∎ I went for a walk to clear my head (from hangover) j'ai fait un tour pour m'éclaircir les idées; (from confusion) j'ai fait un tour pour me rafraîchir les idées ou pour me remettre les idées en place

(d) (authorize) autoriser, approuver;

∎ the plane was cleared for take-off l'avion a reçu l'autorisation de décoller;

∎ the editor cleared the article for publication le rédacteur en chef a donné son accord ou le feu vert pour publier l'article;

∎ the investigators cleared him for top secret work après enquête, il a été autorisé à mener des activités top secret;

∎ you'll have to clear it with the boss il faut demander l'autorisation ou l'accord ou le feu vert du patron

(e) (vindicate, find innocent) innocenter, disculper;

∎ to clear sb of a charge disculper qn d'une accusation;

∎ he was cleared of having been drunk in charge of a ship accusé d'avoir tenu les commandes (d'un navire) en état d'ivresse, il a été disculpé;

∎ the court cleared him of all blame la cour l'a totalement disculpé ou innocenté;

∎ give him a chance to clear himself donnez-lui la possibilité de se justifier ou de prouver son innocence;

∎ to clear one's name se justifier, défendre son honneur

(f) (avoid touching) franchir; (obstacle) éviter;

∎ to clear a ditch sauter ou franchir un fossé;

∎ the horse cleared the fence with ease le cheval a sauté sans peine par-dessus ou a franchi sans peine la barrière;

∎ the plane barely cleared the trees l'avion a franchi les arbres de justesse;

∎ hang the curtains so that they just clear the floor accrochez les rideaux de façon à ce qu'ils touchent à peine le parquet

(g) (make a profit of)

∎ she cleared 10 percent on the deal l'affaire lui a rapporté 10 pour cent net ou 10 pour cent tous frais payés;

∎ I clear a thousand pounds monthly je fais un bénéfice net de mille livres par mois

(h) (dispatch → work) finir, terminer; Commerce (→ stock) liquider;

∎ he cleared the backlog of work il a rattrapé le travail en retard;

∎ we must clear this report by Friday il faut que nous nous débarrassions de ce rapport avant vendredi

(i) (settle → account) liquider, solder; (→ cheque) compenser; (→ debt) s'acquitter de; (→ dues) acquitter

(j) (of customs officer → goods) dédouaner; (→ ship) expédier

(k) (pass through)

∎ to clear customs (person) passer la douane; (shipment) être dédouané;

∎ the bill cleared the Senate le projet de loi a été voté par le Sénat

(l) Medicine (blood) dépurer, purifier; (bowels) purger, dégager

(m) Sport

∎ to clear the ball dégager le ballon

(n) Technology (decode) déchiffrer

(o) Computing

∎ to clear the screen vider l'écran

5 intransitive verb

(a) (weather) s'éclaircir, se lever; (sky) se dégager; (fog) se lever, se dissiper;

∎ it's clearing le temps se lève, le ciel se dégage

(b) (liquid) s'éclaircir; (skin) devenir plus sain; (complexion) s'éclaircir; (expression) s'éclairer;

∎ her face cleared son visage s'est éclairé

(c) (cheque) être encaissé;

∎ it takes three days for the cheque to clear il y a trois jours de délai d'encaissement

(d) (obtain clearance) recevoir l'autorisation

➲ clear away

1 separable transitive verb

(remove) enlever, ôter; (one's things) ranger;

∎ we cleared away the dishes nous avons débarrassé (la table) ou desservi

2 intransitive verb

(a) (tidy up) débarrasser, desservir

(b) (disappear → fog, mist) se dissiper

➲ clear off

1 intransitive verb

familiar filer;

∎ clear off! dégage!, fiche le camp!

2 separable transitive verb

(a) (get rid of → debt) s'acquitter de; Commerce (→ stock) liquider

(b) (remove) retirer, enlever

➲ clear out

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (tidy) nettoyer, ranger; (empty → cupboard) vider; (→ room) débarrasser

(b) (throw out → rubbish, old clothes) jeter;

∎ he cleared everything out of the house il a fait le vide dans la maison;

∎ to clear everyone out of a room faire évacuer une pièce

(c) familiar (leave without money) nettoyer, plumer;

∎ that last game cleared me out je me suis fait plumer dans cette dernière partie;

∎ I'm cleared out je suis fauché ou à sec

(d) familiar (goods, stock) épuiser

2 intransitive verb

familiar (leave building, room etc) filer, déguerpir; (leave home → spouse, partner) se tirer;

∎ he was clearing out when I arrived il faisait ses valises quand je suis arrivé;

∎ he told us to clear out il nous a ordonné de disparaître;

∎ clear out (of here)! dégage!, fiche le camp!

➲ clear up

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (settle → problem) résoudre; (→ misunderstanding) dissiper; (→ mystery) éclaircir, résoudre;

∎ can you clear up this point? pouvez-vous éclaircir ce point?;

∎ let's clear this matter up tirons cette affaire au clair

(b) (tidy up) ranger, faire du rangement dans;

∎ clear up that mess in the garden, will you? range-moi ce fouillis dans le jardin, d'accord?;

∎ I have a lot of work to clear up j'ai beaucoup de travail à rattraper

2 intransitive verb

(a) (weather) s'éclaircir, se lever; (fog, mist) se dissiper, se lever;

∎ it's clearing up le temps se lève

(b) (spots, rash) disparaître;

∎ his cold is clearing up son rhume tire à sa fin

(c) (tidy up) ranger, faire le ménage;

∎ I'm fed up with clearing up after you j'en ai assez de faire le ménage derrière toi

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > clear
15 command

command [kəˈmα:nd]

1. transitive verb

   a. ( = order) ordonner ( sb to do sth à qn de faire qch)

• to command that... ordonner que... + subj

• to command sth to be done donner l'ordre de (faire) faire qch

   b. [+ army, ship] commander

   c. ( = be in position to use) [+ money, services, resources] disposer de

   d. [+ respect] imposer

• the party commands tremendous support le parti bénéficie d'un soutien formidable

   e. ( = overlook) avoir vue sur

2. intransitive verb

commander

3. noun

   a. ( = order) ordre m, commandement m ; (Computing) commande f

   b. ( = power, authority) commandement m

• to take command of sth prendre le commandement de qch

• to be in command of sth être à la tête de qch

   c. ( = troops) troupes fpl ; ( = military authority) commandement m

   d. ( = possession, mastery) maîtrise f, possession f

• his command of English sa maîtrise de l'anglais

• to have sth at one's command avoir qch à sa disposition

4. compounds

► command post noun (Military) poste m de commandement

* * *
[kə'mɑːnd], US [-'mænd] 1.
noun

1) ( order) ordre m

to carry out/give a command — exécuter/donner un ordre

2) ( military control) commandement m

to give somebody command of something — confier le commandement de quelque chose à quelqu'un

to be in command — commander

to be under the command of somebody — [person] être sous les ordres de quelqu'un; [regiment] être sous les ordres or sous le commandement de quelqu'un

I'm in command of the troops — les troupes sont sous mes ordres

command of the air — maîtrise f du ciel

3) ( mastery) maîtrise f

to have full command of one's faculties — maîtriser parfaitement ses facultés

an excellent command of Russian — une excellente maîtrise du russe

to be in command of the situation — avoir la situation en main

to have something at one's command — avoir quelque chose à sa disposition

4) Computing commande f
2.
transitive verb

1) ( order) ordonner à [person] ( to do de faire)

to command that — ordonner que (+ subj)

2) ( obtain as one's due) inspirer [affection, respect]

to command a good price — se vendre cher

3) ( dispose of) disposer de [funds, support, majority]

4) ( dominate) dominer [valley]

to command a view of — avoir vue sur

5) Military commander [regiment]; maîtriser [air, sea]
3.
intransitive verb commander

English-French dictionary > command
16 pass

[pɑ:s, Am pæs] n <pl - es>

1) transp

( road) Pass m;

one of the highest \passes in Europe einer der höchsten Pässe in Europa;

mountain \pass [Gebirgs]pass m

2) fball, sports ( of a ball) Pass m, Vorlage f (für ein Tor);

that was a beautiful \pass to the centre forward das war ein gekonnter Pass zum Mittelstürmer

3) ( sweep) by a plane [Darüber]streichen nt kein pl;

they had seen the aircraft flying low in a \pass over the ski resort sie hatten gesehen, wie das Flugzeug sehr tief über das Skigebiet hinwegflog; by a magician, conjuror [Hand]bewegung f;

the magician made some \passes with his hands over her body der Zauberer fuhr mit der Hand mehrmals über ihren Körper

4) (fam: sexual advance) Annäherungsversuch m;

to make a \pass [at sb] einen Annäherungsversuch [bei jdm] machen, sich akk an jdn ranmachen ( fam)

5) ( Brit) sch, univ ( exam success) Bestehen nt kein pl (einer Prüfung);

to achieve grade A \passes sehr gute Noten bekommen;

to get/obtain a \pass in an exam eine Prüfung bestehen;

(Am) ( grade) Bestehen nt kein pl (einer Prüfung);

in those courses they don't grade students - they just get a \pass or fail in diesen Kursen bekommen die Studenten keine Noten, sie können nur entweder bestehen oder durchfallen;

( proof of completion) Bestanden nt

6) ( permit) Passierschein m;

only people with a \pass are allowed to enter the nuclear power station nur Personen mit einem entsprechenden Ausweis dürfen das Kernkraftwerk betreten; for a festival Eintritt m, Eintrittskarte f; for public transport [Wochen-/Monats-/Jahres-]karte f;

bus \pass Busfahrkarte f (die über einen bestimmten Zeitraum gültig ist);

free \pass Freikarte f;

disabled people have a free \pass for the public transport system Behinderte können die öffentlichen Verkehrsmittel kostenlos benutzen;

( esp Am) sch; to leave class Entschuldigung f (für das Fernbleiben vom Unterricht);

why aren't you at the math class? - I've got a \pass warum bist du nicht im Matheunterricht? - ich hab eine Entschuldigung

7) no pl ( predicament) Notlage f, kritische Lage;

this is a \pass - we can't get back into the hotel da haben wir uns ja was Schönes eingebrockt - wir können nicht ins Hotel zurück ( fam)

to come to a pretty \pass ziemlich übel [für jdn] aussehen ( fam)

it's come to a pretty \pass when you can't even have a few quiet drinks with friends wenn man nicht mal mehr in aller Ruhe mit seinen Freunden ein paar Gläschen trinken kann, dann stimmt was nicht ( fam)

to reach a \pass außer Kontrolle geraten, ausufern vt

1) ( go past)

to \pass sb/ sth an jdm/etw vorbeikommen;

if you \pass a supermarket, can you get me some milk? würdest du mir Milch mitbringen, wenn du beim Supermarkt vorbeikommst?

2) ( exceed)

it \passes all belief that he could have been so selfish es ist doch wirklich nicht zu fassen, dass er dermaßen selbstsüchtig sein konnte;

to \pass a closing date/ sell-by date verfallen;

don't buy goods which have \passed their sell-by date kauf keine Waren, deren Verfallsdatum bereits abgelaufen ist;

to \pass a limit eine Grenze überschreiten;

to \pass the time limit das Zeitlimit überschreiten;

I'm sorry, you've \passed the time limit es tut mir leid, aber Sie haben überzogen

3) ( hand to)

to \pass sth to sb jdm etw [herüber]reichen;

( bequeath to) jdm etw vererben;

could you \pass the salt please? könnten Sie mir bitte mal das Salz [herüber]reichen?;

I asked if I could see the letter, so she \passed it to me reluctantly ich fragte, ob ich den Brief mal sehen könnte, also gab sie ihn mir widerwillig;

the deceased's estate was \passed to his distant relatives der Besitz des Verstorbenen fiel an seine entfernten Verwandten;

Gerald \passed the note to me Gerald gab mir die Notiz;

to \pass the hat [around] ( fig) den Hut herumgehen lassen;

( transfer to)

to be \passed to sb auf jdn übergehen;

the responsibility was gradually \passed to the British government die Verantwortung wurde nach und nach der britischen Regierung übertragen

4) ( put into circulation)

to \pass money Geld in Umlauf bringen;

I saw someone get caught trying to \pass forged five pound notes in the supermarket ich sah, wie jemand dabei erwischt wurde, als er versuchte im Supermarkt mit gefälschten Fünfpfundnoten zu bezahlen;

I haven't trusted him since he \passed me a forged fiver ich trau ihm einfach nicht mehr, seit er versucht hat, mir einen gefälschten Fünfer anzudrehen ( fam)

5) fball, sports

to \pass the ball to sb jdm den Ball zuspielen;

the crowd were shouting at the player to \pass the basketball die Zuschauermenge schrie dem Basketballspieler zu, er solle den Ball abgeben;

to \pass the baton to sb den Stab an jdn abgeben;

the timing of the athletes in a relay race must be perfect to \pass the baton smoothly das Timing beim Staffellauf muss absolut stimmen, damit der Stab sauber übergeben werden kann

6) food ( process)

the cook \passed the carrots through the mixer der Koch pürierte die Karotten im Mixer;

to \pass the water through the filter das Wasser durch den Filter laufen lassen

7) sch, univ ( succeed)

to \pass an exam/ a test eine Prüfung/eine Arbeit bestehen;

(fig: meet requirements) eine Prüfung bestehen, gut genug sein;

she \passed the oral but failed the written exam die mündliche Prüfung hat sie bestanden, aber in der schriftlichen ist sie durchgefallen;

why the questions? - am I supposed to \pass some silly imaginary test? warum fragst du mich das? soll das vielleicht so eine Art Prüfung für mich sein?;

to \pass muster akzeptabel sein;

new teams won't be admitted to the league if their stadiums don't \pass muster neue Mannschaften werden nur dann in die Liga aufgenommen, wenn ihre Stadien auf dem erforderlichen Stand sind

8) ( of time)

to \pass one's days/ holiday [or (Am) vacation] / time doing sth seine Tage/Ferien/Zeit mit etw dat verbringen;

it was a long train journey, but they managed to \pass three hours playing cards es war eine lange Zugfahrt, aber sie haben drei Stunden davon mit Kartenspielen herumgebracht ( fam)

to \pass the time sich dat die Zeit vertreiben;

I'm not very good at drawing but it helps to \pass the time ich kann zwar nicht sehr gut zeichnen, aber es ist doch ein ganz schöner Zeitvertreib;

I just wanted to \pass the time of day with her, but she completely ignored me ich wollte wirklich nur kurz guten Tag sagen und ein wenig mit ihr plaudern, aber sie hat mich völlig links liegen lassen

9) pol ( approve)

to \pass sth etw verabschieden;

they are hoping to \pass legislation which will forbid drivers aged under 25 to drink alcohol man hofft darauf, ein Gesetz einzuführen, das Fahrern unter 25 den Genuss von Alkohol verbieten würde;

to \pass a bill/ law ein Gesetz verabschieden;

to \pass a motion einen Antrag genehmigen;

to \pass a resolution eine Resolution verabschieden;

to \pass sb/ sth as fit [or suitable] jdn/etw [als] geeignet erklären;

the restaurant was serving meat that had not been \passed as fit for human consumption in dem Restaurant wurde Fleisch serviert, das nicht für den Verzehr freigegeben war;

he was \passed fit for military service er wurde für wehrdiensttauglich erklärt;

the censors \passed the film as suitable for children die Zensurstelle gab den Film für Kinder frei

10) ( utter)

to \pass a comment einen Kommentar abgeben, sich akk äußern;

to \pass a comment on sb eine Bemerkung über jdn machen;

to \pass judgement [on sb/sth] [über jdn/etw] urteilen [o ein Urteil fällen];

the jury at the film festival \passed judgement on the films they had seen die Jury gab beim Filmfestival ihr Urteil über die Filme ab, die sie gesehen hatte;

to \pass one's opinion seine Meinung sagen;

to \pass a remark eine Bemerkung machen;

I heard she'd been \passing remarks about me behind my back ich hörte, dass sie hinter meinem Rücken über mich hergezogen war;

to \pass sentence [on sb] law das Urteil [über jdn] fällen

11) med (form: excrete)

to \pass sth etw ausscheiden;

to \pass blood Blut im Stuhl/Urin haben;

to \pass faeces Kot ausscheiden;

to \pass urine urinieren;

to \pass water Wasser lassen

PHRASES:

to \pass the buck [to sb/sth] (sth]) ( fam) die Verantwortung abschieben, jdm/etw den Schwarzen Peter zuschieben;

the government has simply \passed the buck to the local authorities without offering any support die Regierung hat die Verantwortung ganz einfach auf die Kommunen abgewälzt, ohne ihnen irgendeine Unterstützung anzubieten vi

1) ( move by) vorbeigehen, vorbeikommen;

I was just \passing so I thought I'd drop in for a chat ich bin gerade vorbeigekommen und dachte, ich schau mal kurz auf ein paar Worte rein;

we often \passed on the stairs wir sind uns oft im Treppenhaus begegnet;

the road will \pass near the village die Straße wird nahe am Dorf vorbeiführen;

the marchers \passed by without stopping die Demonstranten zogen vorüber, ohne anzuhalten;

not one car \passed while I was there während ich dort war, fuhr nicht ein einziges Auto vorbei;

the Queen \passed among the crowd die Königin mischte sich unter die Menge;

he \passed nearby our group without even knowing we were there er lief nicht weit von unserer Gruppe entfernt vorbei, völlig ohne mitzukriegen, dass wir da waren;

you'll have to \pass not far from where we'll be standing du musst sowieso ganz in der Nähe von wo wir stehen vorbei;

the planes \passed noisily overhead die Flugzeuge donnerten vorbei ( fam)

the bullet \passed between her shoulder blades die Kugel ging genau zwischen ihren Schulterblättern durch; ( fig)

a momentary look of anxiety \passed across his face für einen kurzen Moment überschattete ein Ausdruck der Besorgnis seine Miene;

to \pass unnoticed unbemerkt bleiben, überhaupt nicht auffallen;

to \pass over sth über etw akk gleiten; plane über etw akk hinwegfliegen;

to \pass under sth unter etw dat hindurchfahren [o gehen];

the road \passes under the railway line die Straße führt unter einer Eisenbahnbrücke hindurch

2) ( enter) eintreten, hereinkommen;

may I \pass? kann ich hereinkommen?;

that helps prevent fats \passing into the bloodstream das verhindert, dass Fette in die Blutbahn gelangen;

to let sb [or allow sb to] \pass jdn durchlassen;

they shall not \pass! sie werden nicht durchkommen! (Kampfruf der Antifaschisten)

3) ( go away) vergehen, vorübergehen, vorbeigehen;

it'll soon \pass das geht schnell vorbei;

I felt a bit nauseous, but the mood \passed mir war ein bisschen schlecht, aber es war gleich wieder vorbei

4) ( change)

to \pass from sth to sth von etw dat zu etw dat übergehen;

wax \passes from solid to liquid when you heat it beim Erhitzen wird festes Wachs flüssig;

the water \passes from a liquid state to a solid state when frozen Wasser wird fest, wenn es gefriert

5) ( move into)

gradually all these English words have \passed into the German language mit der Zeit sind all diese englischen Wörter in die deutsche Sprache eingegangen

6) ( exchange)

no words have \passed between us since our divorce seit unserer Scheidung haben wir kein einziges Wort miteinander gewechselt;

the looks \passing between them suggested they had a very close relationship die Blicke, die sie miteinander wechselten, ließen darauf schließen, dass sie sich sehr nahe standen;

greetings were always \passed between them, despite their mutual animosity obwohl sie sich gegenseitig nicht ausstehen konnten, grüßten sie sich immer

7) fball ( of a ball) zuspielen, [den Ball] abgeben;

he's a good player but he should \pass more er ist ein guter Spieler, aber er sollte den Ball auch öfter einmal den anderen zuspielen

8) sch ( succeed) bestehen, durchkommen;

after taking his driving test four times he \passed at the fifth attempt last week nachdem er viermal durch die Fahrprüfung gefallen war, bestand er sie letzte Woche beim fünften Anlauf

9) usu passive ( approve)

the resolution was \passed unanimously die Resolution wurde einstimmig angenommen;

‘motion \passed by a clear majority,’ said the speaker of the house „Antrag mit deutlicher Mehrheit angenommen“, sagte der Parlamentspräsident

10) ( go by) vergehen, verstreichen;

the evening \passed without any great disasters der Abend verlief ohne größere Zwischenfälle;

time seems to \pass so slowly when you're in school wenn man in der Schule ist, scheint die Zeit unheimlich langsam zu vergehen;

I saw that I had let a golden opportunity \pass ich merkte, dass ich eine wirklich einmalige Gelegenheit ungenutzt hatte verstreichen lassen;

for a moment she thought he was going to kiss her, but the moment \passed einen kurzen Augenblick lang dachte sie, er würde sie küssen - aber dieser Moment verstrich, und nichts geschah;

11) (fig: not answer) passen [müssen];

what's happened here? - I'll have to \pass, I don't know either was ist denn hier passiert? - fragen Sie mich nicht, ich weiß es auch nicht;

\pass - I don't know the answer ich passe - ich weiß es nicht;

the second contestant \passed on four questions der zweite Wettbewerbsteilnehmer musste bei vier Fragen passen;

12) (fig fam: not consume)

to \pass on sth auf etw akk verzichten;

thanks, but I think I'll \pass on the chocolates since I'm dieting danke, aber ich verzichte lieber auf die Pralinen, weil ich eine Diät mache

13) ( be accepted as)

I really want to go to the film, but I don't think I'd \pass as 18 ich will den Film unbedingt sehen, aber die glauben mir nie, dass ich 18 bin;

do you think this non-matching jacket and trousers could \pass as a suit? meinst du, ich kann diese Jacke und die Hose als Anzug anziehen, obwohl sie nicht zusammengehören?;

they recruited somebody they hoped would \pass as a German in the film für den Film haben sie jemanden engagiert, von dem sie hoffen, dass er als Deutscher durchgeht

English-German students dictionary > pass
17 command

command, US [transcription][-"m_nd"]

A n

1 ( order) ordre m ; to carry out/give a command exécuter/donner un ordre ; I did it at his command j'ai agi sur son ordre ; at the command ‘shoot’ fire at the enemy! tirez sur l'ennemi au commandement ‘feu’! ;

2 ( military control) commandement m ; to have/take command of a regiment avoir/prendre le commandement d'un régiment ; to give sb command of sth confier le commandement de qch à qn ; to be in command commander ; to be under the command of sb [person] être sous les ordres de qn ; [regiment] être sous les ordres or sous le commandement de qn ; I'm in command of the troops les troupes sont sous mes ordres ; the enemy has command of the air l'ennemi a la maîtrise du ciel ;

3 ( mastery) ( control) maîtrise f ; to have full command of one's emotions/faculties maîtriser parfaitement ses émotions/facultés ; to have an excellent command of Russian avoir une excellente maîtrise du russe ; to be in command of events/the situation avoir les événements/la situation en main ; to have sth at one's command avoir qch à sa disposition ; to be in command of oneself être maître/maîtresse m/f de soi ;

4 Mil ( group of officers) commandement m ; ( group of soldiers) unité f commandée ; ( section of the forces) commandement m ; ( district) région f militaire ; air command commandement m aérien ;

5 Comput commande f.

B modif Comput de commande.

C vtr

1 ( order) ordonner à [person] ; to command sb to do ordonner à qn de faire ; to command that ordonner que (+ subj) ; I commanded the release of the prisoner j'ai ordonné la libération du prisonnier ; ‘stop,’ he commanded ‘arrêtez,’ ordonna-t-il ;

2 ( obtain as one's due) inspirer [affection, obedience, respect] ; forcer [admiration] ; to command a good price se vendre cher ;

3 ( dispose of) disposer de [funds, resources, support, majority] ;

4 ( dominate) [fortress] dominer [valley] ; ( overlook) [place, house] avoir vue sur ; to command a view of avoir vue sur ;

5 Mil commander [regiment] ; fig [nation, army] maîtriser [air, sea].

D vi commander.

Big English-French dictionary > command
18 report

1. n
1) доклад; отчет

2) сообщение; сводка; репортаж

•

to act upon report — принимать меры на основе доклада

to address report (to) — направлять доклад / отчет (кому-л.)

to adopt report — одобрять / утверждать доклад

to alter report — изменять доклад

to amend report — вносить поправку в доклад

to approve report — одобрять / утверждать доклад

to attach credence to reports — верить сообщениям

to bring the report up-to-date — включать в доклад самые последние сведения / данные; пополнять доклад новыми данными; обновлять содержание доклада

to carry report — помещать сообщение ( в газете), передавать сообщение ( по радио или телевидению)

to check report — проверять сообщение

to clear news reports — подвергать цензуре сообщения о текущих событиях

to collect reports — собирать сообщения

to complete / to conclude a report — заканчивать доклад / сообщение

to confirm a report — подтверждать сообщение

to consider a report — рассматривать доклад / отчет

to contest a report — оспаривать какое-л. сообщение

to contradict a report — противоречить сообщению

to declassify a report — рассекречивать доклад

to deliver report — выступать с докладом; делать доклад

to deny a report — опровергать сообщение

to discount a report — сомневаться в истинности сообщения

to dismiss a report as baseless — отвергать сообщение как безосновательное

to draw up a report — готовить / составлять доклад

to file expenditure reports — предоставлять отчет о расходах

to finalize a report — завершать / окончательно оформлять доклад

to forward a report to smb — направлять доклад / отчет кому-л.

to give a report on smth — делать отчет о чем-л.

to give a report serious study — серьезно изучать сообщение

to hear a report — заслушивать отчет

to include smth in a report — включать / заносить что-л. в доклад

to initiate a report — предлагать доклад

to investigate a report — изучать доклад

to issue a report — опубликовывать / обнародовать доклад

to keep a report under lock and key to prevent leaks — держать доклад за семью замками во избежание утечки информации

to leak a report to the press — давать "утечку" сообщения прессе, "сливать" сообщение в прессу

to make a report — выступать с докладом; делать доклад

to make a report "Restricted" — относить отчет к категории материалов "для служебного пользования"

to make comments on a report — комментировать доклад; делать комментарий / критические замечания к докладу

to mention smth in a report — упоминать / констатировать / отмечать что-л. в докладе

to monitor reports — следить за сообщениями

to obtain a report — получать доклад

to prepare a report — готовить / составлять доклад

to present a report (to smb) — представлять доклад (кому-л.)

to produce a report — составлять доклад

to publish the reports on a yearly basis — ежегодно издавать доклады

to put a report into shape — редактировать доклад

to receive a report with some caution — осторожно относиться к сообщению

to reconsider a report — пересматривать доклад

to release a report — опубликовывать / обнародовать доклад

to send smb a report — пересылать кому-л. сообщение

to state smth in a report — указывать что-л. в докладе

to submit a report for smb's consideration — представлять доклад на рассмотрение кому-л.

to suppress a report — запрещать публикацию сообщения

to take a report seriously — серьезно относиться к сообщению

to unveil a report — опубликовывать / обнародовать доклад

to verify a report — проверять сообщение

to write a report — писать доклад

- according to unofficial reports
- accounting report
- accurate report
- administrative report
- analytical progress report
- annual report
- army report
- authenticated report
- background report
- basic theses of report
- bimonthly reports
- brief outline report
- circumstantial report
- conflicting report
- confused report
- confusing report
- congressional report
- consolidated report
- contradictory reports
- debate on report
- declassification of report
- derestriction of report
- detailed report
- discussion of report
- documentary report
- draft report
- efficiency report
- expert's report
- eyewitness report
- factual report
- false report
- favorable report
- feasibility report
- final report
- financial report
- fresh report
- full report
- general report
- heads of report
- independent confirmation of report
- in-depth report
- information report
- initial report
- intelligence report
- interim report
- intermittent reports
- interview report
- joint report
- leaked report
- leave report
- liaison report
- majority report
- market report
- material balance report
- medical report
- minority report
- mission report
- monthly report
- news report
- nil report
- observations on report
- official report
- on-the-spot report
- optimistic report
- periodic report
- political report
- preliminary report
- premature report
- press report
- progress report
- provisional report
- quarterly report
- regular reports
- report cleared by censors
- report just in
- report just out
- report of the Secretary General
- report on the management
- reports are consistent with other evidence
- reports come from reliable sources
- reports filter out that...
- reports filter through that...
- reports quoting Lebanese sources
- reports reaching here
- reports say that...
- routine weather report
- secret report
- shorthand report
- six-monthly report
- special report
- statistical report
- substantive report
- summary report
- supplementary report
- terminal report
- travel expense report
- uncensored report
- unconfirmed report
- United Nations report
- unjust report
- unofficial report
- unverified report
- upcoming report
- updated report
- veracity of report
- verbatim report
- well founded report 2. v
докладывать; сообщать; представлять отчет

to report back to smb — отчитываться перед кем-л., докладывать результаты

to report for a country — быть журналистом какой-л. страны

to report for a newspaper from a country — быть корреспондентом газеты в какой-л. стране

to report on smth — сообщать о чем-л.

to report personally to President — подчиняться / докладывать лично президенту

to report smth at first hand — быть первоисточником, сообщать что-л. из первых рук

to report smth in full — подробно сообщать о чем-л.

to report smth prominently — сообщать о чем-л. на видном месте (в газете, журнале и т.п.)

to report to one's government — делать доклад / докладывать результаты своему правительству

- nothing to report
- the republic is reported back to normal

Politics english-russian dictionary > report
19 win

[wɪn] vt <won, won>

1)

( be victorious)

to \win sth etw gewinnen;

to \win a battle/ war eine Schlacht/einen Krieg gewinnen;

to \win a case/ lawsuit einen Fall/eine Klage gewinnen;

to \win the day ( fig) einen Sieg davontragen;

to \win a debate aus einer Debatte als Sieger(in) m(f) hervorgehen;

to \win an election eine Wahl gewinnen;

to \win a seat ein Mandat gewinnen;

to \win a victory einen Sieg erringen

2) ( obtain)

to \win sth etw gewinnen [o bekommen];

to \win sb's approval ( appreciation) jds Anerkennung finden;

( consent) jds Zustimmung finden;

to \win fame berühmt werden;

to \win sb's heart/ love jds Herz/Liebe gewinnen;

to \win people's hearts die Menschen für sich akk gewinnen;

to \win popularity sich akk beliebt machen;

to \win promotion befördert werden;

to \win recognition Anerkennung finden;

to \win a reputation as sb sich dat einen Namen als jd machen;

to \win a scholarship to Oxford ein Stipendium für Oxford bekommen;

to \win sb's support jds Unterstützung gewinnen;

to \win sb/ sth sth [or sth for sb] jdm/etw etw einbringen;

to \win sth off sb ( fam) jdm etw abnehmen [o ( fam) abknöpfen];

she won £10 off me at poker sie hat mir beim Poker 10 Pfund abgeknöpft ( fam)

3) ( extract)

to \win sth ore, coal etw abbauen;

to \win oil Öl gewinnen

PHRASES:

to \win one's spurs sich dat die Sporen verdienen;

[you] \win some, [you] lose some ( some) mal gewinnt man, mal verliert man;

you can't \win them all ( saying) man kann nicht immer Glück haben vi <won, won> gewinnen;

they were \winning at half time sie lagen zur Halbzeit vorn;

you [just] can't \win! da hat man keine Chance!;

OK, you \win! okay, du hast gewonnen!;

to \win by three goals to two drei zu zwei gewinnen;

to \win by two lengths/ a handsome majority mit zwei Längen [Vorsprung]/einer stattlichen Mehrheit gewinnen;

to \win easily [or ( fam) hands down] spielend gewinnen;

\win or lose,... (a. fig) [ob] gewonnen oder verloren,..., wie es auch ausgeht,...

PHRASES:

may the best man \win dem Besten der Sieg, der Beste möge gewinnen n Sieg m;

away/home \win Auswärts-/Heimsieg m;

to have a \win bet gewinnen; money einen Gewinn machen

English-German students dictionary > win
20 consent

1. n

согласие

- by mutual consent

- by consent of all the parties

- carry the consent of smb.

- express consent

- win smb.'s consent

- obtain smb.'s consent

- withhold one's consent

- wring consent from smb.

- yield a ready consent

- consent for the opening of consular relations

- with the consent of the accrediting state

- with the consent of the minority

- with the consent of the majority

- consent of a state to be bound by a treaty

- implied consent

- by mutual consent of the parties concerned

- explicit consent

- general consent

- common consent

- by common consent

- consent of the receiving state

- expressed consent

- on common consent

- prior consent

- tacit consent

- mutual consent

- tacit mutual consent

- taciturn consent

- implicit consent

- on mutual consent of the parties concerned

2. v

соглашаться

- consent a proposal

English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > consent

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obtain one's majority

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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obtain one's majority

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